Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi

Hanafite jurist

Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi أبو الليث السمرقندي
Personal
Born	944 Samarqand, Samanid Empire
Died	983 (aged 38–39)
Religion	Islam
Era	Islamic Golden Age
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Hanafi
Main interest(s)	Fiqh, Aqidah

Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (Arabic أبو الليث السمرقندي, Abū l-Laiṯ as-Samarqandī; b. 944; d. 983) was a Hanafite jurist and Quran commentator, who lived during the second half of the 10th century.^[1] He authored various books on theology and jurist works, including Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, بحر العلوم, a Quran exegesis, also known as Tafsīr as-Samarqandi, and Tanbīh al-Ġāfilīn, تنبيه الغافلين.

Literature

Abou-l-Laiṯ as-Samarḳandī: Le traité Arabe Muḳaddima d'Abou-l-Laiṯ as-Samarḳandī en version Mamelouk-Kiptchak. - Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1962
Daiber, Hans: The Islamic concept of belief in the 4th/10th century : Abū l-Laiṯ as-Samarkandī's commentary on Abū Ḥanīfa (died 150/767) al-Fiqh al-absāṭ / Introduction, text and commentary by Hans Daiber. Tokyo : Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 1995 (Studia Culturae Islamicae; 52)

Notes

TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi - SEMERKANDÎ, Ebü’l-Leys
ABŪ'L-LAYTH AL-SAMARQANDĪ'S LIFE AND WORKS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HIS "AL-MUQADDIMAH"

References

^ Pakatchi, Ahmad; Rabbani, Translated by Azar (2015-10-16), "Abū al-Layth al-Samarqandī", Encyclopaedia Islamica, Brill, retrieved 2023-06-29

People of Khorasan

Scientists

Philosophers

Islamic scholars

Poets and artists

Historians and
political figures

Maturidi school of Sunni theology

Maturidi scholars

3rd AH/9th AD	Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi (d. 268 AH) Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 333 AH) Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (d. 342 AH) Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi (d. 379 AH) Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (d. 396 AH)
4th AH/10th AD	Abu Zayd al-Dabusi (d. 429 AH) Ali Hujwiri (d. 464 AH) Yūsuf Balasaguni (d. 469 AH) Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi (d. 482 AH) Al-Sarakhsi (d. 483 AH) Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (d. 493 AH)
5th AH/11th AD	Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 508 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 534 AH) Yusuf Hamadani (d. 535 AH) Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami (d. 536 AH) Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (d. 537 AH) Ahmad Yasawi (d. 561 AH) Nur al-Din Zengi (d. 569 AH) Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 575 AH) Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 580 AH) Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 581 AH) Al-Kasani (d. 587 AH) Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 593 AH)
6th AH/12th AD	Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi (d. beginning of the 6th century AH) Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa (d. 624 AH) Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 632 AH) Mu'in al-Din Chishti (d. 633 AH) Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi (d. 659 AH) Fariduddin Ganjshakar (d. 664 AH) Rumi (d. 671 AH) Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (d. after 690 AH)
7th AH/13th AD	Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 710 AH) Sultan Walad (d. 711 AH) Nizamuddin Auliya (d. 725 AH) Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 747 AH) Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 786 AH) Baha' al-Din Naqshband (d. 791 AH) Kadi Burhan al-Din (d. 800 AH)
8th AH/14th AD	Bande Nawaz (d. 825 AH) Shams al-Din al-Fanari (d. 834 AH) 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (d. 841 AH) Yaqub al-Charkhi (d. 851 AH) Ahmad ibn Arabshah (d. 861 AH) Badr al-Din al-'Ayni (d. 855 AH) Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (d. 861 AH) Khidr Bey (d. 863 AH) Ali al-Bistami (d. 874 AH) 'Ali al-Qushji (d. 879 AH) Mehmed II (d. 886 AH) Khwaja Ahrar (d. 895 AH)
9th AH/15th AD	Ali-Shir Nava'i (d. 906 AH) Husayn Kashifi (d. 910 AH) Ibn Kemal (d. 940 AH) Abdul Quddus Gangohi (d. 943 AH) Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 955 AH) Taşköprüzade (d. 968 AH) Muhammad Birgivi (d. 980 AH) Ebussuud Efendi (d. 982 AH)
10th AH/16th AD	Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1011 AH) 'Ali al-Qari (d. 1014 AH) Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari (d. 1025 AH) Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1034 AH) Mahmud Hudayi (d. 1037 AH) 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (d. 1052 AH) Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (d. 1061 AH) 'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti (d. 1067 AH) Wang Daiyu (d. around 1068 AH) Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1068 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1069 AH) Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1081 AH)
11th AH/17th AD	Aurangzeb (d. 1118 AH) Ma Zhu (d. around 1123 AH) Ismail Haqqi Bursevi (d. 1127 AH) Shah Abdur Rahim (d. 1131 AH) Liu Zhi of Nanjing (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH) Nizamuddin Sihalivi (d. 1161 AH) Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi (d. 1174 AH) Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (d. 1176 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (d. 1176 AH) İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (d. 1193 AH) Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (d. 1195 AH)
12th AH/18th AD	Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi (d. 1204 AH) Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1205 AH) Sanaullah Panipati (d. 1225 AH) Ghabdennasir Qursawi (d. 1226 AH) Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1239 AH) Shah Abdul Aziz (d. 1239 AH) Shah Ismail Dehlvi (d. 1246 AH) Syed Ahmad Barelvi (d. 1246 AH) Ibn 'Abidin (d. 1252 AH) Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi (d. 1257 AH) Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (d. 1267 AH) Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (d. 1278 AH) Yusuf Ma Dexin (d. 1291 AH) Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (d. 1297 AH) Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1297 AH) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani (d. 1298 AH)
13th AH/19th AD	'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (d. 1304 AH) Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (d. 1306 AH) Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1308 AH) Giritli Sırrı Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d. 1312 AH) Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (d. 1317 AH) Abai Qunanbaiuly (d. 1321 AH) Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1323 AH) Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (d. 1330 AH) Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui (d. 1335 AH) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (d. 1338 AH) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (d. 1340 AH) Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (d. 1344 AH) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (d. 1346 AH) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (d. 1346 AH) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1352 AH) Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (d. 1354 AH) Fatma Aliye Topuz (d. 1354 AH) Meher Ali Shah (d. 1356 AH) Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1361 AH) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (d. 1361 AH) Ubaidullah Sindhi (d. 1364 AH) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1368 AH) Musa Bigiev (d. 1368 AH) Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari (d. 1371 AH) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (d. 1371 AH) Mustafa Sabri (d. 1373 AH) Husayn Ahmad al-Madani (d. 1377 AH) Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (d. 1378 AH) Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen (d. 1391 AH) Muhammad Abu Zahra (d. 1394 AH) Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi (d. 1395 AH) Abul Wafa Al Afghani (d. 1395 AH) Abdul Majid Daryabadi (d. 1397 AH)
14th AH/20th AD	Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (d. 1402 AH) Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi (d. 1403 AH) Abdul Haq Akorwi (d. 1409 AH) Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (d. 1412 AH) Muhammad Ayyub Ali (d. 1415 AH) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1428 AH) Wahbah al-Zuhayli (d. 1436 AH) Muhammad Salim Qasmi (d. 1439 AH) Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (d. 1441 AH) Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (d. 1442 AH) Nur Hossain Kasemi (d. 1442 AH) Usmankhan Alimov (d. 1443 AH) Muhammad Rafi' Usmani Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri Muhammad Taqi Usmani Husein Kavazović Salah Mezhiev

Theology books

See also

Maturidi-related templates

Hanafi
Ash'ari
Sufi
Islamic theology

Muslim scholars of the Hanafi school

by century (AH
CE)

2nd/8th

Abu Hanifa (founder of the school; 699–767)
Abu Yusuf (738–798)
Ibn al-Mubarak (726–797)
Muhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)
Yahya ibn Ma'in (774–807)
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah (d. 812)

3rd/9th

4th/10th

Al-Tahawi (843–933)
Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853–944)
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (b. 874)
Al-Jassas (917–981)
Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (944–983)

5th/11th

Abu al-Husayn al-Basri (d. 1044)
Karima al-Marwaziyya (969–1069)
Ali Hujwiri (1009–1072)
Al-Bazdawi (1010–1089)
Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090)
Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (1030–1100)
Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1115)
Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi

6th/12th

Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139)
Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141)
Yusuf Hamadani (1062–1141)
Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (1067–1142)
Al-Zamakhshari (1074–1143)
Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1180)
Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184)
Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185)
Al-Kasani (d. 1191)
Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1197)
Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (1135–1197)

7th/13th

Rumi (1207–1273)
Jalaluddin Tabrizi (d. 1228)
Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (1173–1235)
Mu'in al-Din Chishti (1143–1236)
Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1173–1266)
Abu Tawwama (d. 1300)
Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310)

8th/14th

Nizamuddin Auliya (1238–1325)
Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i (d. 1342)
Shah Jalal Mujarrad (1271–1346)
Uthman Siraj ad-Din (1258–1357)
Ala al-Haq (1301–1384)
Jahaniyan Jahangasht (1308–1384)
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384)
Al-Taftazani (1322–1390)
Ibn Abi al-Izz (1331–1390)
Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (1350–1410)
Al-Sharif al-Jurjani (1339–1414)

9th/15th

Nur Qutb Alam (d. 1416)
Shams al-Din al-Fanari (1350–1431)
'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (1377–1438)
Husam ad-Din Manikpuri (d. 1449)
Badr al-Din al-Ayni (1361–1451)
Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (1388–1457)
Ali Qushji (1403–1474)
Khidr Bey (b. 1407)

10th/16th

Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi (1445–1526)
Ibn Kemal (1468–1536)
Abdul Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537)
Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (1460–1549)
Fahreddin-i Acemi (d. 1460)
Muhammad Ghawth (1500–1562)
Ali Sher Bengali (d. 1570s)
Nagore Shahul Hamid (1504–1570)
Mosleh al-Din Lari (1510–1572)
Muhammad Birgivi (1522–1573)
Ebussuud Efendi (1490–1574)
Hamza Makhdoom (1494–1576)
Wajihuddin Alvi (1490–1580)
Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri (1521–1595)
Sadeddin Efendi (1536–1599)
Mustafa Selaniki (d. 1600)
Ali al-Qari (d. 1606)

11th/17th

Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)
Esad Efendi (1570–1625)
Kadızade Mehmed (1582–1635)
'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (1551–1642)
Mehmed Efendi (1595–1654)
Kâtip Çelebi (1609–1657)
Jana Begum
Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (1569–1659)
Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)
Syed Rafi Mohammad (d. 1679)
Mir Zahid Harawi (d. 1689)
Syed Inayatullah (d. 1713)

12th/18th

Shah Abdur Rahim (1644–1719)
Zinat-un-Nissa Begum (1643–1721)
Syed Hayatullah (d. 1722)
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (1641–1731)
Syed Mohammad Zaman (d. 1756)
Hashim Thattvi (1692–1761)
Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)
Shah Nuri Bengali (d. 1785)
Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (1699–1781)
Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790)
Sanaullah Panipati (1730–1810)
Syed Mohammad Rafi (d. 1803)
Majduddin (d. 1813)

13th/19th

Çerkes Halil Efendi (d. 1821)
Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (1743–1824)
Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824)
Fatima al-Fudayliya (d. 1831)
Syed Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831)
Syed Mir Nisar Ali (1782–1831)
Ibn Abidin (1784–1836)
Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840)
Shah Muhammad Ishaq (1783–1846)
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (1789–1851)
Mahmud al-Alusi (1802–1854)
Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861)
Dudu Miyan (1819–1862)
Karamat Ali Jaunpuri (1800–1873)
Al-Maydani (1807–1861)
Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari (1801–1868)
Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794–1874)
Naqi Ali Khan (1830–1880)
Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (1832–1880)
Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri (1810–1880)
Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884)
Mazhar Nanautawi (1821–1885)
Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (1848–1886)
Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890)
Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890)
Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891)
Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891)
Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894)
Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899)
Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899)
Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905)
Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905)
Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906)
Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907)
Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907)
Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907)
Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908)
Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912)
Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912)
Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913)
Shibli Nomani (1857–1914)
Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s)

14th/20th

Barelvi

Asrarullah Hussaini (1856–1920)
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921)
Muhammad Amjad (d. 1927)
Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri (1835–1936)
Qasim Sadiq (1845–1942)
Hamid Raza Khan (1875–1943)
Amjad Ali Aazmi (1882–1948)
Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi (1887–1948)
Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949)
Jamaat Ali Shah (1834–1951)
Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri (1868–1951)
Kifayatullah Dehlawi (1875–1952)
Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi (1885–1954)
Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954)
Amin ul-Hasanat (1922–1960)
Sardar Ahmad Chishti (1903–1962)
Ibrahim Raza Khan (1907–1965)
Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970)
Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970)
Fazlur Rahman Ansari (1914–1974)
Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi (1902–1975)
Mustafa Raza Khan (1892–1981)
Ziauddin Madni (1877–1981)
Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981)
Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983)
Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911–1984)
Shafee Okarvi (1930–1984)
Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (1913–1986)
Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993)
Waqaruddin Qadri (1915–1993)
Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994)
Karam Shah Azhari (1918–1998)
Sadruddin Islahi (1917–1998)
Ghulam Ali Okarvi (1919–2000)
Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri (1889–2001)
Arshadul Qadri (1925–2002)
Ibrahim Siddiqui (1930–2002)
Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003)
Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009)

Deobandi

Imamuddin Punjabi (died 1916)
Abdul Hamid Madarshahi (1869–1920)
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920)
Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862–1922)
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (1852–1927)
Muhammad Ali Mungeri (1846–1927)
Azizur Rahman Usmani (1859–1928)
Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi (1862–1930)
Ibrahim Ali Tashna (1872–1931)
Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)
Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1860–1935)
Majid Ali Jaunpuri (d. 1935)
Abul Muhasin Sajjad (1880–1940)
Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895–1942)
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)
Ibrahim Ujani (1863–1943)
Habibullah Qurayshi (1865–1943)
Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872–1944)
Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944)
Asghar Hussain Deobandi (1877–1945)
Sahool Bhagalpuri (d. 1948)
Sulaiman Nadvi (1884–1953)
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949)
Izaz Ali Amrohi (1882–1955)
Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1892–1956)
Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)
Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi (1888–1959)
Badre Alam Merathi (1898–1965)
Azizul Haq (1903–1961)
Maqsudullah (1883–1961)
Abdul Qadir Raipuri (1878–1962)
Ahmed Ali Lahori (1887–1962)
Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900–1962)
Yusuf Kandhlawi (1917–1965)
Shah Ahmad Hasan (1882–1967)
Shamsul Haque Faridpuri (1896–1969)
Khair Muhammad Jalandhari (1895–1970)
Muhammad Ali Jalandhari (1895–1971)
Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (1907–1971)
Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912–1971)
Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889–1972)
Deen Muhammad Khan (1900–1974)
Zafar Ahmad Usmani (1892–1974)
Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (1903–1975)
Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1976)
Muhammad Faizullah (1892–1976)
Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1895–1976)
Athar Ali Bengali (1891–1976)
Shafi Usmani (1897–1976)
Yusuf Banuri (1908–1977)
Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915–1977)
Ahmed Ali Badarpuri (1915–2000)
Mehboob Rizwi (1911–1979)
Sahvi Shah (1923–1979)
Mufti Mehmood (1919–1980)
Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894–1982)
Zakariyya Kandhlawi (1898–1982)
Tayyib Qasmi (1897–1983)
Shamsul Haq Afghani (1901–1983)
Ibrahim Chatuli (1894–1984)
Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984)
Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908–1985)
Azhar Shah Qaiser (1920–1985)
Harun Babunagari (1902–1986)
Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986)
Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi (1910–1987)
Muhammadullah Hafezzi (1895–1987)
Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917–1987)
Shamsul Huda Panchbagi (1897–1988)
Abdul Haq Akorwi (1912–1988)
Abdul Jalil Badarpuri (1925–1989)
Abdul Matin Fulbari (1915–1990)
Minnatullah Rahmani (1913–1991)
Taqi Amini (1926–1991)
Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami (1900–1992)
Muhammad Yunus (1906–1992)
Masihullah Khan (1912–1992)
Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993)
Shams Naved Usmani (1931–1993)
Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi (1918–1995)
Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996)
Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996)
Shamsuddin Qasemi (1935–1996)
Manzoor Nomani (1905–1997)
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997)
Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (1935–1998)
Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999)
Ismail Katki (1914–2005)
Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005)
Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi (1928–2005)
Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006)
Syed Fazlul Karim (1935–2006)
Abdullah Abbas Nadwi (1925–2006)
Sirajussajidin Katki (1939–2006)
Abrarul Haq Haqqi (1920–2006)
Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007)
Anzar Shah Kashmiri (1927–2008)
Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri (1934–2008)

Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917)
Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921)
Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922)
Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927)
Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930)
Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932)
Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935)
Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937)
Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937)
Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938)
Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939)
Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949)
Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951)
Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952)
Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari (1879–1952)
Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954)
Ghousi Shah (1893–1954)
Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959)
Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973)
Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974)
Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974)
Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974)
Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974)
Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975)
Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977)
Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979)
Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987)
Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s)
Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990)
Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990)
Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991)
Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992)
Ayub Ali (1919–1995)
Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996)
Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996)
Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997)
Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997)
Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997)
Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997)
Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002)
Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008)
Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008)
Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009)

15th/21st

Israr Ahmed (1932–2010)

Marghubur Rahman (1914–2010)

Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali (1945–2010)

Zafeeruddin Miftahi (1926–2011)

Azizul Haque (1919–2012)

Abdus Sattar Akon (1929–2012)

Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri (1926–2012)

Fazlul Haque Amini (1945–2012)

Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji (1923–2013)

Muhammad Fazal Karim (1954–2013)

Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013)

Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi (1950–2014)

Nurul Islam Farooqi (1959–2014)

Ahmad Naruyi (1963–2014)

Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji (d. 2015)

Abdur Rahman Chatgami (1920–2015)

Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi (1935–2015)

Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari (1935–2015)

Sibtain Raza Khan (1927–2015)

Muhiuddin Khan (1935–2016)

Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi (1937–2016)

Shah Turab-ul-Haq (1944–2016)

Saleemullah Khan (1921–2017)

Yunus Jaunpuri (1937–2017)

Alauddin Siddiqui (1938–2017)

Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018)

Salim Qasmi (1926–2018)

Akhtar Raza Khan (1943–2018)

Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi (1922–2019)

Yusuf Motala (1946–2019)

Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri (1965–2019)

Khalid Mahmud (1925–2020)

Tafazzul Haque Habiganji (1938–2020)

Muhammad Abdus Sobhan (1936–2020)

Abdul Momin Imambari (1930–2020)

Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (1940–2020)

Salman Mazahiri (1946–2020)

Shah Ahmad Shafi (1945–2020)

Adil Khan (1957–2020)

Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966–2020)

Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020)

Azizur Rahman Hazarvi (1948–2020)

Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi (1926–2021)

Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1930–2021)

Muhammad Wakkas (1952–2021)

Noor Alam Khalil Amini (1952–2021)

Usman Mansoorpuri (1944–2021)

Junaid Babunagari (1953–2021)

Wali Rahmani (1943–2021)

Ebrahim Desai (1963–2021)

Abdus Salam Chatgami (1943–2021)

Abdur Razzaq Iskander (1935–2021)

Nurul Islam Jihadi (1916–2021)

Faizul Waheed (1964–2021)

Wahiduddin Khan (1925–2021)

AbdulWahid Rigi (d. 2022)

Abdul Halim Bukhari (1945–2022)

Rafi Usmani (1936–2022)

Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (1940–2023)

Shahidul Islam (1960–2023)

Living

Saifur Rahman Nizami (b. 1916)
Ghulam Rasool Jamaati (b. 1923)
Syed Waheed Ashraf (b. 1933)
Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (b. 1935)
Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935)
Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri (b. 1935)
Abdul Qadir Pakistani (b. 1935)
Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (b. 1938)
Madni Miyan (b. 1938)
Sultan Zauq Nadvi (b. 1939)
Zia Uddin (b. 1941)
Taqi Usmani (b. 1943)
Kamaluddin Zafree (b. 1945)
Muneeb-ur-Rehman (b. 1945)
Qamaruzzaman Azmi (b. 1946)
Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi (b. 1946)
Abul Qasim Nomani (b. 1947)
Idrees Dahiri (b. 1947)
Farid Uddin Chowdhury (b. 1947)
Farid Uddin Masood (b. 1950)
Mahmudul Hasan (b. 1950)
Mukhtaruddin Shah (b. 1950)
Ilyas Qadri (b. 1950)
Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1951)
Tahir-ul-Qadri (b. 1951)
Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi (b. 1953)
Tariq Jamil (b. 1953)
Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (b. 1953)
Sufyan Qasmi (b. 1954)
Nurul Islam Walipuri (b. 1955)
Sajjad Nomani (b. 1955)
Ghousavi Shah (b. 1955)
Ameen Mian Quadri (b. 1955)
Pir Sabir Shah (b. 1955)
Abu Taher Misbah (b. 1956)
Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (b. 1957)
Hamid Saeed Kazmi (b. 1957)
Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi (b. 1957)
AFM Khalid Hossain (b. 1959)
Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959)
Abdul Aziz Ghazi]] (b. 1960)
Shakir Ali Noori (b. 1960)
Ruhul Amin (b. 1962)
Mizanur Rahman Sayed (b. 1963)
Hanif Jalandhari (b. 1963)
Sajidur Rahman (b. 1964)
Ibrahim Mogra (b. 1965)
Saad Kandhlawi (b. 1965)
Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (b. 1967)
Arshad Misbahi (b. 1968)
Abu Reza Nadwi (b. 1968)
Muhammad Abdul Malek (b. 1969)
Mahfuzul Haque (b. 1969)
Ilyas Ghuman (b. 1969)
Qasim Rashid Ahmad (b. 1970)
Asjad Raza Khan (b. 1970)
Syed Rezaul Karim (b. 1971)
Riyadh ul Haq (b. 1971)
Obaidullah Hamzah (b. 1972)
Raza Saqib Mustafai (b. 1972)
Manzoor Mengal (b. 1973)
Syed Faizul Karim (b. 1973)
Mamunul Haque (b. 1973)
Husamuddin Fultali (b. 1974)
Abdur Rahman Mangera (b. 1974)
Faraz Rabbani (b. 1974)
Adnan Kakakhail (b. 1975)
Muhammad al-Kawthari (b. 1976)
Amer Jamil (b. 1977)
Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi (b. 1982)
Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury (b. 1985)
Abbas Siddiqui (b. 1987)
Kaif Raza Khan (b. 2001)
Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi
Tauqeer Raza Khan
Subhan Raza Khan
Abdul Malek Halim
Izharul Islam Chowdhury
Amjad M. Mohammed
Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani
Mukarram Ahmad
Abdul Khabeer Azad
Muzaffar Qadri

Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence

Hanbali
Maliki
Shafi'i
Zahiri

Islamic theology

Fields
Theologians
Books

Fields

Aqidah	Eschatology Ethics Kalam
Philosophy	‘Aql Education Logic Peace
Science	Astronomy Cosmology Physics
Sufism	Cosmology Metaphysics Philosophy

Theologians

Ash'arism (al-Ash'ari)	Al-Bayhaqi Al-Baqillani Al-Juwayni Al-Qushayri Al-Shahrastani Al-Ghazali Al-Taftazani Al-Maziri Ibn Furak Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani Zakariyya al-Ansari Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini Ibn Aqil Ibn Tumart Abdul Qadir Gilani Abu al-Walid al-Baji Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Ibn al-Jawzi Qadi Ayyad Ahmad al-Rifa'i Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Sayf al-Din al-Amidi Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam Taqi al-Din al-Subki Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati Al-Baydawi Ibn Khaldun Ibn Arafa Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Ibn Hajar al-Haytami Al-Sha'rani Jalal al-Din al-Dawani Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi Ibn Ashir Al-Bahūtī Muhammad Mayyara Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 'Illish Ibrahim al-Bajuri Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad Ahmad al-Dardir Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
Early Sunni	Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit (Hanafiyah) Malik ibn Anas (Maliki) Al-Shafi'i (Shafi‘i)
Maturidism (Al-Maturidi)	Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi Al-Sarakhsi Al-Bazdawi Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari Al-Sharif al-Jurjani Akmal al-Din al-Babarti Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi Nur al-Din al-Sabuni Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi Siraj al-Din al-Ushi Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi Khidr Bey Ibn Kemal Ali Qushji Ali al-Qari Al-Maydani Ahmad Sirhindi Anwar Shah Kashmiri Shah Waliullah Dehlawi Shah Abdul Aziz Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi Rahmatullah Kairanawi Murtada al-Zabidi Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi Muhammad Abu Zahra Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar Rumi
Mu'attila	Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham Mu'jbira Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī Jahmīyya Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
Mu'jassimā	Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī al-Balkhī (Muqātilīyya) Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-Juzjanī al-Kūfī Jawālikīyya Rum Abdals Ibn Karram (Karramiyya)
Murji'ah	Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-Dimashqī an-Nabati al-Qībtī (Murjī-Qadariyah)
Mu'tazila (Wasil ibn 'Ata')	Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām (Nazzāmīyya) Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya) Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī (Jubbāīyya) Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya) Ja'far ibn Harb Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī (Jāhizīyya) Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar Abu al-Husayn al-Basri Al-Zamakhshari Amr ibn Ubayd Ibn Abi'l-Hadid Sahib ibn Abbad Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
Najjārīyya	Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) Mustadrakīyya
Salafi Theologians	Ibn Taymiyyah Ibnul Qayyim Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Wahhabism Al-Shawkani Rashid Rida Bin Baz Ibn al-Uthaymeen Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i Al-Albani Saleh Al-Fawzan Rabee al-Madkhali Madkhalism Syed Nazeer Husain Ahl-i Hadith Siddiq Hasan Khan Zubair Ali Zai Safar Al-Hawali Sahwa movement Salman al-Ouda Osama bin Laden Salafi Jihadism Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi Hazimism Yasir Qadhi Post-Salafism
Shia-Imamiyyah (Wilayat al-faqih)	Twelve Imams Ali Hasan ibn Ali Husayn ibn Ali Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad al-Baqir Ja'far al-Sadiq Musa al-Kadhim Ali al-Ridha Muhammad al-Jawad Ali al-Hadi Hasan al-Askari Muhammad al-Mahdi Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid Sharif al-Murtaza Shaykh Tusi Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Allamah Al-Hilli Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi Zurarah ibn A'yan Hisham ibn Hakam Agha Zia ol Din Araghi Ja'far Sobhani Ruhollah Khomeini
Shia-Ismailiyyah (Ibn Maymūn)	Ibn Ismāʿīl Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ's Ismā'īlī doctrine Al-Qadi al-Nu'man Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub Arwa al-Sulayhi Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine Dhu'ayb ibn Musa Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam Nizārī Ismāʿīlī doctrine Idris Imad al-Din Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid

Key books

Sunni books	Asas al-Taqdis Al-Baz al-Ashhab Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq Al-Milal wa al-Nihal Al-Irshad Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah Al-Sawad al-A'zam Kitab al-Tawhid Tabsirat al-Adilla Masnavi Fihi Ma Fihi Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi The Moderation in Belief
Shia books	Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya Al-Amali Al-Khisal Awail Al Maqalat Tashih al-I'tiqad Tajrid al-I'tiqad
Independent	Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Kitab al-Majmu of Alawis Malfūzāt of Ahmadiyya Rasa'il al-Hikma of Druze Umm al-kitab of Musta'li Isma'ilism

Early Muslim scholars
List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam

Islamic schools and branches

Ahl us-
Sunnah
wa’l-
Jama’ah

Ahl al-Hadith (Atharism)	Kullabiyya Ibn Kullab Hanbalis Ahmad ibn Hanbal Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la Khwaja Abdullah Ansari Zahiris Dawud al-Zahiri Salafism Ahl-i Hadith Syed Nazeer Husain / Siddiq Hasan Khan Wahhabism Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Ibn Baz Ibn al Uthaymeen Al-Albani Other Salafi trends Jihadism Madkhalism Sahwa Salafi Modernism Muhammad bin Dawud Maqrizi
Ahl ar-Ra'y (Ilm al-Kalam)	Ash'arism Malikis Shafi'is Abdullah al-Harari – Al-Ahbash Maturidism Hanafis Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi / Ahmed Raza Khan – Barelvi Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi / Rashid Ahmad Gangohi – Deobandi Necmettin Erbakan – Millî Görüş

Shia Islam

Zaydism	Zayd ibn Ali Jarudiyya Batriyya Imamate Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects Dukayniyya Khalafiyya

Imami
Mahdiist
Shi'ite
Sects in
Islam

Imami Twelver	Theology of Twelvers Ja'fari Akhbari Usuli Shaykhism Qizilbash Sheikh Haydar / Shah Ismail / Pir Sultan / Kul Nesîmî – Safavid Islam Ghulat al-Khaṣībī / ibn Nusayr – Alawites Astarabadi (Naimi) / Imadaddin Nasimi – Hurufism / Bektashism Baktāshism Demir Bābā – Alians Bābā Rexheb – Hārābātīs
Imami Isma'ilism	Fathite Abdallah al-Aftah Batiniyyah Hamdan Qarmat – Sevener Qarmatians Hamza / Baha al-Din al-Muqtana / ad-Darazi – Druzes Fatimids Musta'li Tayyibi Alavi Dawoodi Sulaymani Hafizi Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani – Badakhshan Alevism Nizari Hassan-i Sabbah – Assassins Aga Khans – Nizaris / Khojas Pir Sadardin – Satpanth
Kaysanites Shia	Mukhtār Abū ʿAmra Kaysān Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah – Hashimiyya Hārbīyya ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi Janāhiyya Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya Hārithīyya Riyāhīyya Sam‘ānīyya Bayān ibn Sam‘ān Rawendis Rezāmīyya Abu Muslim Sunpadh Muḥammirah Khurramites Babak Mazyar al-Muqanna Ishaq al-Turk Khashabiyya Shia
Other Mahdiists	An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah Hurufiyya Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī – Nuktawiyya Shayki Nuqta-yi Ula – Bábīyya Tawussite Shia ʿAjlan ibn Nawus Waqifite Shia

Muhakkima
(Arbitration)

Kharijites	Ajardi Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād Maymunīyyah Sa'labīyyah Azariqa Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī Bayhasīyyah Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir Najdat Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī Sufri Abu Qurra Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād al-Nukkari
Ibadism	'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi Jābir ibn Zayd Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin al-Ifrani Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi Wahbiyyah Azzabas

Murji'ah
(Hasan ibn
Muḥāmmad
ibn al-
Hanafiyyah)

Karrāmīyya	Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) Dhīmmīyya Hakāiqīyya Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) Maʿīyya Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) Nūnīyya Razīnīyya Sauwāqīyya Sūramīyya Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) Wāhidīyya Zarībīyya
Other sects	Gaylānīyya Gaylān ibn Marwān Yūnusīyya Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī Gassānīyya Gassān al-Kūfī Tūmanīyya Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī Sawbānīyya Abū Sawbān al-Murjī Sālehīyya Sāleh ibn Umar Shamrīyya Abū Shamr Ubaydīyya Ubayd al-Mūktaib Ziyādīyya Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
Other Murjīs	Al-Harith ibn Surayj Sa'id ibn Jubayr Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān Muhārīb ibn Dithār Sābit Kutna Awn ibn Abdullāh Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr Umar ibn Zar Salm ibn Sālem Hālaf ibn Ayyūb Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf Nusayr ibn Yahyā Ahmad ibn Hārb Amr ibn Murrah

Mu'shabbiha

Tamsīl

Jawārībīyya
- Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
Hāshwīyya
Hulmānīyya
- Abū Hulmān al-Fārisī ad-Dimashqī
- Kalandars
- Bārāq Bābā

Tajsīm

Khaṭṭābiyya
- Abu al-Khattab
Bāzīghiyya
- Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
Muʿāmmarīyya
- Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
- Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
Mufaḍḍaliyya
- al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
Ghurābīyya
Mānsūrīyya
- Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
Mughīrīyya
- Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
Mukhāmmīsa
Namiriya
‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
Saba'īyya
- Abdullah ibn Saba'

Qadariyah
(Ma'bad
al-Juhani)

Alevism	Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar – Malamatiyya / Qalandariyya Baba Ishak – Babai revolt Balım Sultan – Bektashi Order Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu – Rifa`i / Galibi Order
Muʿtazila (Rationalism)	Mā’marīyya Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī Bishriyya Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī Bahshamiyya Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī Huzaylīyya Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī Ikhshīdiyya Nazzāmīyya Ali al-Aswarī Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī Hābītīyya Ahmad ibn Hābīt Sumamīyya Sumāma ibn Ashras Kā‘bīyya Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
Quranism	Ahle Qur'an Kala Kato Tolu-e-Islam Muhammad Iqbal Ghulam Ahmed Pervez United Submitters International Rashad Khalifa Edip Yüksel

Independent
Muslim
beliefs

Messianism	Ahmadiyya Mirza Ghulam Qadiani Lahori Kabbalist Dönmes Sabbatai Zevi – Sabbatean Mahdavīyya Muhammad Jaunpuri / Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir – Zikris Nation of Islam Wallace Fard Muhammad's doctrine Nur movement Said Nursî / Fethullah Gülen – Hizmet
Modernism	Modernist Salafism Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Asad Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani Rashid Rida Other Islamic modernists
Taṣawwuf	Ṭarīqah Ahmed Raza Khan – Barelvi Hilmi Tunahan – Süleymancı Other orders Tawassul
Other beliefs	Sadaqah Sunnah Taqwa Tawakkul Tewafuq Thawab