Antarctic Conservation Act

Antarctic Conservation Act

Long title	An Act to implement the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora of the Antarctic Treaty; An Act to implement the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and for other purposes.
Nicknames	Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978
Enacted by	the 95th United States Congress
Citations
Public law	95-541
Statutes at Large	92 Stat. 2048
Codification
Titles amended	16 U.S.C.: Conservation
U.S.C. sections created	16 U.S.C. ch. 44 § 2401 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 7749 by John M. Murphy (D–NY) on June 13, 1977 Committee consideration by House Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House Science, Space, and Technology, Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Senate Environment and Public Works, Senate Foreign Relations Passed the House on September 25, 1978 (Passed) Passed the Senate on October 13, 1978, in lieu of S. 1691 (Passed) with amendment House agreed to Senate amendment on October 14, 1978 (Passed) Signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 28, 1978

The Antarctic Conservation Act, enacted in 1978 by the 95th United States Congress (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 95–541), and amended by Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 104–227 (text) (PDF), is a United States federal law that addresses the issue of environmental conservation on the continent of Antarctica. The Departments of the Treasury, Interior and Commerce are responsible for the Act's enforcement.

The Act can be found in 16 U.S.C. §§ 2401–2413.

Purpose

Until the 1960s, few rules existed regarding activities in Antarctica. Fishing, whaling and sealing were uncontrolled, and various species were threatened with extinction. Tourists and research stations littered and polluted. In 1961 the Antarctic Treaty was established to protect the continent, and establishes major restrictions and responsibilities on visitors and uses.

As part of its responsibilities as a signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, the United States passed the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 to establish rules for all U.S. citizens, U.S. corporations, and certain persons who participate in U.S. government expeditions visiting or operating in Antarctica, as well as U.S. citizens who handle certain Antarctic animals and plants, and other persons handling Antarctic animals and plants while in the U.S.

The act makes it: “(…) unlawful, unless authorized by permit, to:

1. take native mammals or birds
2. enter specially designated areas
3. introduce nonindigenous species to Antarctica
4. use or discharge designated pollutants
5. discharge wastes
6. import certain antarctic items into the United States”^[1]

See also

• Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora

References

External links

• Summary from Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook
• Antarctic Conservation Act National Science Foundation

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Jimmy Carter

• 39th President of the United States (1977–1981)
• 76th Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)
• Georgia State Senator (1963–1967)

Presidency
(timeline)

• Transition
• Inauguration
• Timeline
  • 1977
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1980
  • January 1981
• Political positions
• Judicial appointments
  • controversies
• Executive Actions
• Rabbit incident
• Solar power at the White House
• Reagan transition

Foreign policy	Carter Doctrine Camp David Accords Egypt–Israel peace treaty Torrijos–Carter Treaties Iran hostage crisis International Emergency Economic Powers Act Executive Order 12170 Operation Eagle Claw Canadian Caper Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 1979 oil crisis Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War Algiers Accords Iran–United States Claims Tribunal Diplomatic relations with China Goldwater v. Carter Strategic Arms Limitation Talks International trips 1980 Summer Olympics boycott Executive Order 12036 Refugee Act Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act FISA Court Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
Domestic policy	Cannabis policy Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 Senior Executive Service Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 Department of Education Organization Act U.S. Department of Education Executive Order 12148 Federal Emergency Management Agency Executive Order 12172 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Economic policy	Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 Airline Deregulation Act Carter bonds Community Reinvestment Act DIDMC Act Electronic Fund Transfer Act Executive Order 12086 Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978 Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council National security letter Right to Financial Privacy Act Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act Motor Carrier Act of 1980 National Aquaculture Act of 1980 Staggers Rail Act Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977 Revenue Act of 1978 Trade Agreements Act of 1979 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980
Energy policy	U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Energy Security Act Synthetic Fuels Corporation National Energy Act Energy Tax Act National Energy Conservation Policy Act Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980 Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
Environmental policy	Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act Antarctic Conservation Act Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 Clean Water Act of 1977 Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 Superfund Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry National Priorities List Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Three Mile Island accident investigation Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act

Speeches

• Moral Equivalent of War
• Island of Stability
• A Crisis of Confidence
• State of the Union Address
  • 1978
  • 1979
  • 1980
  • 1981

Elections

Gubernatorial	1966 1970
Presidential	1976 campaign primaries running mate selection convention debates election 1980 campaign primaries running mate selection convention debates election

Post-presidency

• Carter Center
• Presidential Library and Museum
• Habitat for Humanity
  • Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project
• The Elders
• Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
  • Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House
• Nairobi Agreement, 1999
• One America Appeal
• Continuity of Government Commission

Books

• Everything to Gain (1987)
• The Hornet's Nest (2003)
• Our Endangered Values (2006)
• Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid (2006)
  • reaction and commentary
• Beyond the White House (2007)
• We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land (2009)
• White House Diary (2010)
• A Call to Action (2014)
• A Full Life (2015)

Awards
and honors

• Nobel Peace Prize
• Presidential Medal of Freedom
• Freedom of the City
• Silver Buffalo Award
• Philadelphia Liberty Medal
• United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
• Hoover Medal
• Christopher Award
• Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize
• Grammy Award

Legacy

• Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue (1976)
• USS Jimmy Carter
• Jimmy Carter National Historical Park (1987)
• Georgia State Capitol statue (1994)

Related

• Residences
  • Birthplace
  • Home
• Mary Prince (nanny)
• UFO incident
• Jimmy Carter (2002 television documentary)
• Man from Plains (2007 documentary)

Family

• Rosalynn Carter (wife)
• Jack Carter (son)
• Amy Carter (daughter)
• Jason Carter (grandson)
• James Earl Carter Sr. (father)
• Lillian Gordy Carter (mother)
• Gloria Carter Spann (sister)
• Ruth Carter Stapleton (sister)
• Billy Carter (brother)

• Emily Dolvin (aunt)
• Hugh Carter (cousin)
• Hugh Carter Jr. (first counsin once removed)

• ← Gerald Ford
• Ronald Reagan →

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