Dapedium

Dapedium Temporal range: Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Dapediiformes
Family:	†Dapediidae
Genus:	†Dapedium Leach, 1822
Species
†D. ballei †D. caelatum †D. granulatum †D. noricum †D. pholidotum †D. politum †D. punctatum

Dapedium (from Greek: δαπέδων dapédon, 'pavement')^[1] is an extinct genus of primitive neopterygian ray-finned fish. The first-described finding was an example of D. politum, found in the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, on the Jurassic Coast of England (Leach 1822). Dapedium lived in the late Triassic and Jurassic periods.^[2]

Appearance

The various species of Dapedium ranged from 9 to 40 centimetres (3.5 to 15.7 in) long, and all had an oval to near-circular body. The skin was covered with thick, rhomboid, ganoid (enamel-like) scales. The smallest species so far found is D. noricum.

The skull was armoured with bony dermal plates, which were especially plentiful in the orbital region. These bones bore irregular tubercles. The small pectoral and pelvic fins, along with the extended dorsal and anal fins formed a functional unit with the tail.^[3] The tail was short and stout, providing the power for a sudden change in direction while the fish was swimming.

The upper jaw of Dapedium was moveable and could protrude from the mouth, enabling a wider gape to capture larger prey.

Distribution

Dapedium lived mostly in the Jurassic seas of Europe, a peripheral continental shelf sea of the Tethys Ocean. Notable finds have been made in Holzmaden, Germany, in Temple Grafton, Warwickshire, England and in Lyme Regis, Dorset, England.

Behaviour

The strong and pointed dentition suggests that Dapedium was durophagous, feeding on hard-shelled invertebrates, like mussels and sea urchins.^[3]

References

• Detlev THIES & Annette HERZOG, New information on †Dapedium LEACH 1822 (Actinopterygii, †Semionotiformes), in Mesozoic Fishes 2 – Systematics and Fossil Record, G. Arratia & H.-P. Schultze (eds.): pp. 143-152, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISBN 3-931516-48-2

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Neopterygii

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Actinopterygii Clade: Actinopteri
Actinopterygii see Actinopterygii Neopterygii see below↓ Neopterygii

Neopterygii	†Besania †Boreichthys †Caelatichthys †Cephaloxenus †Chrotichthys †Dollopterus †Frodoichthys †Gimlichthys †Habroichthys †Hulettia †Pristisomus †Tungusichthys †Venusichthys †Zeuchthiscus †Bobasatraniiformes? †Guildayichthyidae? †Pholidopleuriformes? Arctosomus Australosomus Gracilignathichthys Macroaethes Pholidopleurus †Redfieldiiformes? Atopocephala Brookvalia Calaichthys Cionichthys Daedalichthys Denwoodichthys Dictyopyge Endemichthys Geitonichthys Helichthys Hiascoactinus Ischnolepis Lasalichthys Leighiscus Mauritanichthys Molybdichthys Pacorichthys Phlyctaenichthys Redfieldius Sakamenichthys Schizurichthys Sinkiangichthys? †Platysiagidae Caelatichthys? Helmolepis Platysiagum †Polzbergiiformes Hydropessum? Cleithrolepididae Cleithrolepidina Cleithrolepis Polzbergiidae Felberia Luopingichthys? Polzbergia Serrolepis Stoppania †Colobodontidae Chaohuperleidus? Colobodus Crenilepis Dactylolepis? Engycolobodus? Feroxichthys Gabanellia? Nephrotus? †Perleididae Aetheodontus? Alvinia? Chaohuperleidus? Ctenognathichthys? Daninia Diandongperleidus? Dipteronotus? Endennia? Eoperleidus Fuyuanperleidus? Luopingperleidus? Manlietta Megaperleidus? Meidiichthys Meridensia? Moradebrichthys? Paraperleidus Peltoperleidus? Perleidus Plesiofuro? Plesioperleidus Procheirichthys? Teffichthys? Tripelta †Louwoichthyiformes Peltoperleidus? Louwoichthyidae Ctenognathichthys? Louwoichthys Luopingichthys? Pseudobeaconiidae Anatoia Caminchaia Dipteronotus? Echentaia Mendocinichthys Pasambaya Pseudobeaconia †Luganoiiformes Altisolepis? Fuyuanperleidus? Luganoia †Peltopleuriformes Habroichthys? Peltopleuridae Altisolepis? Nannolepis Peltopleurus Placopleurus Thoracopteridae Gigantopterus Italopterus Peripeltopleurus Potanichthys Thoracopterus Wushaichthys †Dapediidae Aetheolepis Dandya Dapedium Hemicalypterus Heterostrophus Paradapedium Sargodon Scopulipiscis Tetragonolepis †Pycnodontiformes see Pycnodontiformes Holostei Ginglymodi see Ginglymodi includes gars Halecomorphi see Halecomorphi includes bowfin Teleostei see Teleostei includes the majority of modern fish

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