Krun
Mandaean lord of the underworld
| Krun | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Mountain of Flesh |
| Abode | World of Darkness |
| Symbol | Lion (in the skandola) |
Krun (Modern Mandaic: [ˈkrun]; Classical Mandaic: ࡊࡓࡅࡍ)[1] or Akrun ([æˈkrun]) is a Mandaean lord of the underworld. According to Mandaean cosmology, he dwells in the lowest depths of creation, supporting the entirety of the physical world.
In mythology
Krun is the greatest of the five Mandaean lords of the underworld, the others being Shdum, Hag, Gaf, and Zartai-Zartanai, according to the 5th book of the right half of the Great Treasure (Ginza Rabba) of the Mandaeans, their most sacred text.[2][3]
He is represented by the image of a lion on the skandola talisman, which is used to seal the graves of the newly dead. The epithet most frequently associated with him is ṭura rba ḏ-bisra (Classical Mandaic: ࡈࡅࡓࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ ࡖࡁࡉࡎࡓࡀ, lit. 'the great mountain of flesh').[4]
In astronomy
The Mandaean community of Iraq and Iran is one of the few communities from the Middle East that still preserve the ancient Babylonian tradition of divination by the stars and heavenly bodies (astrology), directly from its source, even retaining the traditional Akkadian names for the stars and the visible planets.[5] Despite this unique distinction, the Mandaeans had previously been unrepresented in astronomical place-names.[6][7]
Starting March 20, 2015, the Search for Extraterrestrial Life solicited names, and votes on names, from the interested public for the features of Pluto and its satellites, which had yet to be documented.[8] Rutgers professor Charles G. Häberl initiated a social media campaign, "Vote Krun," to recognize the Mandaeans by bestowing a Mandaic name upon one such feature.[6][9][7] The Vote Krun campaign noted that since the time of Percival Lowell and Clyde Tombaugh, heavenly cosmography had expanded beyond names from Greco-Roman antiquity to the celebrated figures of many cultures and traditions,[10] but not yet the Mandaeans.[6][7]
A dark region along the equator of the dwarf planet Pluto, immediately to the right of the large bright feature Tombaugh Regio, was informally named "Krun Macula" by NASA scientists.[11] However, Krun Macula was later superseded by the name Safronov Regio in 2023.[12]
See also
- Genzā Rabbā
- Ruha, the queen of the underworld in Mandaeism
Notes
- ^ or possibly [ˈkrʌn]
- ^ Drower (1937), p. 251.
- ^ Lidzbarski, Mark (1925). Ginzā der Schatz oder das große Buch der Mandäer. Göttingen: Vandanhoeck & Ruprecht.
- ^ Drower (1937), p. 270.
- ^ Drower, E.S. (1937). The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c Häberl, Charles (27 March 2015). "Vote Krun (Facebook Campaign)". Facebook. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ a b c McGrath, James F. (27 July 2015). "First Mandaean on Pluto". Exploring Our Matrix. Patheos. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Public Asked to Help Name Features on Pluto". SETI Institute. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ Lendering, Jona. "Mandaeans on Pluto". Ancient History Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
- ^ "Naming of Astronomical Objects". Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ McKinnon, Mika (14 July 2015). "Places on Pluto are Being Named for Your Darkest Imaginings". io9. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
- ^ "Safronov Regio". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology Research Program. (Center Latitude: -13.36°, Center Longitude: 209.49°)
Sources
- Drower, E.S. (1937). The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
