Leszczyński

Polish house
Leszczyński

Wieniawa
CountryPoland, France
Founded1704 Free election
Final rulerStanisław I (in Poland)
Maria Leszczyńska (in France)
Titles
  • King of Poland
  • Grand Duke of Lithuania
  • Grand Duke of Ruthenia
  • Grand Duke of Prussia
  • Grand Duke of Masovia
  • Grand Duke of Samogitia
  • Grand Duke of Livonia
  • Grand Duke of Smolensk
  • Grand Duke of Severia
  • Grand Duke of Chernihiv
  • Duke of Lorraine[1]
  • Queen consort of France and Navarre[2]
  • Count of the Holy Roman Empire[3]
Estate(s)France, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus

The House of Leszczyński (/lɛʃˈtʃɪnski/ lesh-CHIN-skee,[4] Polish: [lɛˈʂtʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later became the royal family of Poland.

History

The Leszczyński family was a magnate family. In 1473, Rafał Leszczyński obtained from Emperor Frederick III the title of count. This title was conferred on "the entire family". The last representative of the main family, Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and later Duke of Lorraine, died in 1766.

The family name derives from Leszczyna, now a suburb of Leszno, Greater Poland. The Leszczyński family obtained the title of count of Leszno in the Holy Roman Empire. The family had its greatest importance in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when they were ardent supporters of Calvinism and turned their estates of Leszno and Baranów Sandomierski into major centres of the Polish Reformed Church.

Stanislaw I Leszczyński
Maria Leszczyńska

There is another unrelated Leszczyński family with the Abdank coat of arms.

Coat of arms and motto

The Leszczyński family used the Clan Wieniawa arms, and their motto was Qui Lescynsciorum genus ignorat, Poloniae ignorat.

  • Coat of Arms of King Stanisław I Leszczyński
    Coat of Arms of King Stanisław I Leszczyński
  • Coat of Arms of Stanisław I Leszczyński as King of Poland and Prince of Lorraine
    Coat of Arms of Stanisław I Leszczyński as King of Poland and Prince of Lorraine
  • Coat of Arms of Maria Leszczyńska as Queen of France
    Coat of Arms of Maria Leszczyńska as Queen of France

Notable family members

Famous descendants

Among the descendants of Stanislaw Leszczyński were four Kings of France and Navarre, two Kings of the Two Sicilies, two Kings of Etruria, two Kings of Italy (simultaneously one Emperor of Ethiopia and one King of the Albanians), six Kings and one Queen of Spain, two Emperors of Brazil (simultaneously one King of Portugal and Algarve), five Kings and one Queen of Portugal and Algarve, one Emperor of Austria (simultaneously one King of Hungary), five Kings of Saxony, four Kings of Belgium, one King of Bavaria, two Tsars of Bulgaria, three Kings of Romania, one King of Yugoslavia, two Princes of Lichtenstein, two Grand Dukes and two Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, several Queen consorts and several titular Kings.

Tree

Palaces

Further reading

  • Stanisław Karwowski, Leszczyńscy herbu Wieniawa, Lwów 1916
  • Hanna Malewska, Panowie Leszczyńscy, 1961
  • Zieliński, Ryszard (1978). Polka na francuskim tronie. Czytelnik.

References

  1. ^ Title of Stanisław Leszczyński since 9 July 1737, after him the Duchy has been inherited by his son-in-law, king Louis XV of France and incorporated in his dominions
  2. ^ Title of Maria Leszczyńska
  3. ^ Granted by Emperor Frederick III on the Leszczyński family
  4. ^ "Stanisław I". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 24 September 2019.