South Col
The South Col is a col between Mount Everest and Lhotse, the highest and fourth-highest mountains in the world, respectively. The South Col is typically swept by high winds, leaving it free of significant snow accumulation. Since 1950 (when Tibet was closed), most Everest expeditions have left from Nepal and gone via the southeast ridge and the South Col (instead of via the North Col). When climbers attempt to climb Everest from the southeast ridge in Nepal, their final camp (usually Camp IV) is situated on the South Col.
The South Col was first reached on 12 May 1952 by Aubert, Lambert, and Flory of Edouard Wyss-Dunant's Swiss Mount Everest Expedition which failed to reach the summit.[1] The following year, when Mount Everest was first climbed, Wilfrid Noyce and the Sherpa Annullu were the first climbers on the expedition to reach the col. According to John Hunt, the expedition leader:
It was 2.40 p.m. Wilfrid Noyce and his companion Annullu stood at that moment above the South Col of Everest, at about 26,000 feet [7,900 m]. They were gazing down on the scene of the Swiss drama, and they were also looking upwards to the final pyramid of Everest itself. It was a great moment for them both, and it was shared by all of us who watched it. Their presence there was symbolic of our success in overcoming the most crucial problem of the whole climb; they had reached an objective which we had been striving to attain for twelve anxious days.[2]
Once on the South Col, climbers have entered the death zone; altitude sickness is a significant threat at this elevation and can easily prove fatal. It is also difficult to sleep, and most climbers' digestive systems have significantly slowed or completely stopped. This is because it is more efficient at this altitude for the body to use stored energy sources than to digest new food. Most climbers will begin using supplemental oxygen here and have a maximum of only two or three days to make summit bids. Clear weather and low winds are critical factors in deciding whether to make a summit attempt. If the weather is not favourable within these short few days, climbers are forced to descend, many back to Base Camp. Climbers rarely get a second chance to return to the South Col on a specific expedition.
In 2005, Didier Delsalle of France landed a Eurocopter AS350 B3 helicopter on the South Col.[3] Two days later he made the first helicopter landing on the summit of Mount Everest, a feat he subsequently repeated.[4]
In May 2019, the highest weather stations in the world were installed at Everest, with one location at the South Col, and another on a place higher up on the peak known as "The Balcony" as well as some other stations and locations.[5] The weather stations are about 7 feet (2.1 m) tall and weigh 110 pounds (50 kg).[5] On 21 July 2022, a maximum temperature of −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) was registered at the South Col.[6]
See also
- Kangshung face
References
- ^ "The Mountain World 1953". George Allen And Unwin Limited. 1953.
- ^ John Hunt, The Ascent of Everest, Hodder and Stoughton, 1953, p. 166.
- ^ "Landing on Air". National Geographic Adventure. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 26 October 2005. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
- ^ "French Everest Mystery Chopper's Utopia summit". MountEverest.net. 27 May 2005. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Inside the Everest expedition that built the world's highest weather station". Exploration & Adventure. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ "Exceptionally high temperature recorded on Mount #Everest! With a high of -1.4°C recorded today (July 21) at the South Col weather station (7,945 m), this is probably a world record at this altitude". Twitter.com. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
External links
- Painting of the South Col
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and landmarks
- Base Camp
- Geneva Spur
- Hillary Step
- Hornbein Couloir
- Kangshung Face (East Face)
- Kangshung Glacier
- Khumbu Glacier
- Khumbu Icefall
- Lhakpa La
- Lho La
- North Col
- North Face
- Norton Couloir
- Rongbuk Glacier
- South Col
- South Summit
- Three Pinnacles
- Three Steps
- Western Cwm
- 1921 British reconnaissance
- 1922 British
- 1924 British (Affair of the Dancing Lamas)
- 1933 British aerial reconnaissance
- 1933 British
- 1935 British
- 1936 British
- 1938 British
- 1950–52 British–Swiss–US reconnaissance
- 1951 British
- 1952 Swiss
- 1953 British
- 1960 Chinese
- 1975 British SW Face
- 1976 British–Nepalese SW Face
- 1979 Yugoslav West Ridge
- 1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police
- 2006 Philippine
- 2007 Altitude Everest expedition
- Earth Day 20 International Peace Climb
- Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition
- Beyond the Edge
- The Climb (book)
- The Climb (2007 film)
- The Epic of Everest
- Everest (1998 film)
- Everest (2015 film)
- Everest (Indian TV series)
- Everest '82
- Everest: Beyond the Limit
- EverestMax
- Expedition Everest (roller coaster)
- Into Thin Air
- The Man Who Skied Down Everest
- Mount Everest webcam
- Paths of Glory
- Peak
- The Conquest of Everest
- The Wildest Dream
- Wings Over Everest
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