Zerrenda:Funtzio irrazionalen integralak

Ondorengoa funtzio irrazionalen integralen zerrenda bat da (jatorrizkoak edo antideribatuak). Integralen zerrenda osatuago nahi baduzu, ikusi integralen zerrenda.

Bere barnean (x² +a²)-ren erroa daukaten funtzioen integralak r = x 2 + a 2 {\displaystyle r={\sqrt {x^{2}+a^{2}}}}

r d x = 1 2 ( x r + a 2 ln ( x + r ) ) + K {\displaystyle \int r\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xr+a^{2}\,\ln \left(x+r\right)\right)+K}
r 3 d x = 1 4 x r 3 + 1 8 3 a 2 x r + 3 8 a 4 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int r^{3}\;dx={\frac {1}{4}}xr^{3}+{\frac {1}{8}}3a^{2}xr+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
r 5 d x = 1 6 x r 5 + 5 24 a 2 x r 3 + 5 16 a 4 x r + 5 16 a 6 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int r^{5}\;dx={\frac {1}{6}}xr^{5}+{\frac {5}{24}}a^{2}xr^{3}+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{4}xr+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{6}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
x r d x = r 3 3 + K {\displaystyle \int xr\;dx={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+K}
x r 3 d x = r 5 5 + K {\displaystyle \int xr^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+K}
x r 2 n + 1 d x = r 2 n + 3 2 n + 3 + K {\displaystyle \int xr^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}+K}
x 2 r d x = x r 3 4 a 2 x r 8 a 4 8 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int x^{2}r\;dx={\frac {xr^{3}}{4}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr}{8}}-{\frac {a^{4}}{8}}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
x 2 r 3 d x = x r 5 6 a 2 x r 3 24 a 4 x r 16 a 6 16 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int x^{2}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {xr^{5}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{24}}-{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}-{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
x 3 r d x = r 5 5 a 2 r 3 3 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{3}r\;dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+K}
x 3 r 3 d x = r 7 7 a 2 r 5 5 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{3}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+K}
x 3 r 2 n + 1 d x = r 2 n + 5 2 n + 5 a 3 r 2 n + 3 2 n + 3 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{3}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}-{\frac {a^{3}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}+K}
x 4 r d x = x 3 r 3 6 a 2 x r 3 8 + a 4 x r 16 + a 6 16 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int x^{4}r\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{3}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{8}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}+{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
x 4 r 3 d x = x 3 r 5 8 a 2 x r 5 16 + a 4 x r 3 64 + 3 a 6 x r 128 + 3 a 8 128 ln ( x + r ) + K {\displaystyle \int x^{4}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{5}}{8}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{5}}{16}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr^{3}}{64}}+{\frac {3a^{6}xr}{128}}+{\frac {3a^{8}}{128}}\ln \left(x+r\right)+K}
x 5 r d x = r 7 7 2 a 2 r 5 5 + a 4 r 3 3 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{5}r\;dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+K}
x 5 r 3 d x = r 9 9 2 a 2 r 7 7 + a 4 r 5 5 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{5}r^{3}\;dx={\frac {r^{9}}{9}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{5}}{5}}+K}
x 5 r 2 n + 1 d x = r 2 n + 7 2 n + 7 2 a 2 r 2 n + 5 2 n + 5 + a 4 r 2 n + 3 2 n + 3 + K {\displaystyle \int x^{5}r^{2n+1}\;dx={\frac {r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}+K}
r d x x = r a ln | a + r x | = r a sinh 1 a x + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {r\;dx}{x}}=r-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|=r-a\sinh ^{-1}{\frac {a}{x}}+K}
r 3 d x x = r 3 3 + a 2 r a 3 ln | a + r x | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {r^{3}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+a^{2}r-a^{3}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|+K}
r 5 d x x = r 5 5 + a 2 r 3 3 + a 4 r a 5 ln | a + r x | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {r^{5}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{4}r-a^{5}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|+K}
r 7 d x x = r 7 7 + a 2 r 5 5 + a 4 r 3 3 + a 6 r a 7 ln | a + r x | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {r^{7}\;dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{6}r-a^{7}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|+K}
d x r = sinh 1 x a = ln | x + r | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{r}}=\sinh ^{-1}{\frac {x}{a}}=\ln \left|x+r\right|+K}
d x r 3 = x a 2 r + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{r^{3}}}={\frac {x}{a^{2}r}}+K}
x d x r = r + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\,dx}{r}}=r+K}
x d x r 3 = 1 r + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\,dx}{r^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{r}}+K}
x 2 d x r = x 2 r a 2 2 sinh 1 x a = x 2 r a 2 2 ln | x + r | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{r}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\,\sinh ^{-1}{\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|x+r\right|+K}
d x x r = 1 a sinh 1 a x = 1 a ln | a + r x | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{xr}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\sinh ^{-1}{\frac {a}{x}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|+K}

Bere barnean (x² -a²)-ren erroa daukaten funtzioen integralak s = x 2 a 2 {\displaystyle s={\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}

Kasu honetan ( x 2 > a 2 ) {\displaystyle (x^{2}>a^{2})} izan behar da, bestela ( x 2 < a 2 ) {\displaystyle (x^{2}<a^{2})} bada, begiratu hurrengo atala.

x s d x = 1 3 s 3 + K {\displaystyle \int xs\;dx={\frac {1}{3}}s^{3}+K}
s d x x = s a cos 1 | a x | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {s\;dx}{x}}=s-a\cos ^{-1}\left|{\frac {a}{x}}\right|+K}
d x s = d x x 2 a 2 = ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{s}}=\int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {x^{2}-a^{2}}}}=\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}

Kontuan hartu behar dugu ln | x + s a | = s g n ( x ) cosh 1 | x a | = 1 2 ln ( x + s x s ) {\displaystyle \ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|=\mathrm {sgn} (x)\cosh ^{-1}\left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|={\frac {1}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+s}{x-s}}\right)} dela, non cosh 1 | x a | {\displaystyle \cosh ^{-1}\left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|} -ren balio positiboa hartzen den.

x d x s = s + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\;dx}{s}}=s+K}
x d x s 3 = 1 s + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{s}}+K}
x d x s 5 = 1 3 s 3 + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{3s^{3}}}+K}
x d x s 7 = 1 5 s 5 + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{5s^{5}}}+K}
x d x s 2 n + 1 = 1 ( 2 n 1 ) s 2 n 1 + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}}+K}
x 2 m d x s 2 n + 1 = 1 2 n 1 x 2 m 1 s 2 n 1 + 2 m 1 2 n 1 x 2 m 2 d x s 2 n 1 {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{2n-1}}{\frac {x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}}+{\frac {2m-1}{2n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{2m-2}\;dx}{s^{2n-1}}}}
x 2 d x s = x s 2 + a 2 2 ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {xs}{2}}+{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}
x 2 d x s 3 = x s + ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}
x 4 d x s = x 3 s 4 + 3 8 a 2 x s + 3 8 a 4 ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s}}={\frac {x^{3}s}{4}}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xs+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}
x 4 d x s 3 = x s 2 a 2 x s + 3 2 a 2 ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{3}}}={\frac {xs}{2}}-{\frac {a^{2}x}{s}}+{\frac {3}{2}}a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}
x 4 d x s 5 = x s 1 3 x 3 s 3 + ln | x + s a | + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{4}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|+K}
x 2 m d x s 2 n + 1 = ( 1 ) n m 1 a 2 ( n m ) i = 0 n m 1 1 2 ( m + i ) + 1 ( n m 1 i ) x 2 ( m + i ) + 1 s 2 ( m + i ) + 1 + K ( n > m 0 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2m}\;dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=(-1)^{n-m}{\frac {1}{a^{2(n-m)}}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}{\frac {1}{2(m+i)+1}}{n-m-1 \choose i}{\frac {x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}}+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}n>m\geq 0{\mbox{)}}}
d x s 3 = 1 a 2 x s + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x}{s}}+K}
d x s 5 = 1 a 4 [ x s 1 3 x 3 s 3 ] + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{s^{5}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}\right]+K}
d x s 7 = 1 a 6 [ x s 2 3 x 3 s 3 + 1 5 x 5 s 5 ] + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]+K}
d x s 9 = 1 a 8 [ x s 3 3 x 3 s 3 + 3 5 x 5 s 5 1 7 x 7 s 7 ] + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{s^{9}}}={\frac {1}{a^{8}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {3}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {3}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]+K}
x 2 d x s 5 = 1 a 2 x 3 3 s 3 + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x^{3}}{3s^{3}}}+K}
x 2 d x s 7 = 1 a 4 [ 1 3 x 3 s 3 1 5 x 5 s 5 ] + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{7}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]+K}
x 2 d x s 9 = 1 a 6 [ 1 3 x 3 s 3 2 5 x 5 s 5 + 1 7 x 7 s 7 ] + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{s^{9}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {2}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}+{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]+K}

Bere barnean (a²-x²)-ren erroa daukaten funtzioen integralak u = a 2 x 2 {\displaystyle u={\sqrt {a^{2}-x^{2}}}}

u d x = 1 2 ( x u + a 2 arcsin x a ) + K ( | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int u\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}}
x u d x = 1 3 u 3 + K ( | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int xu\;dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}u^{3}+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}}
u d x x = u a ln | a + u x | + K ( | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {u\;dx}{x}}=u-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+u}{x}}\right|+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}}
d x u = arcsin x a + K ( | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{u}}=\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}}
x 2 d x u = 1 2 ( x u + a 2 arcsin x a ) + K ( | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{2}\;dx}{u}}={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)+K\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}}
u d x = 1 2 ( x u sgn x cosh 1 | x a | ) + K | x | | a | ) {\displaystyle \int u\;dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu-\operatorname {sgn} x\,\cosh ^{-1}\left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|\right)+K\qquad {\mbox{( }}|x|\geq |a|{\mbox{)}}}

Bere barnean (ax²+bx+c)-ren erroa daukaten funtzioen integralak R = a x 2 + b x + c {\displaystyle R={\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx+c}}}

d x R = 1 a ln | 2 a R + 2 a x + b | + K a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln \left|2{\sqrt {a}}R+2ax+b\right|+K\qquad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{)}}}
d x R = 1 a sinh 1 2 a x + b 4 a c b 2 + K a > 0 4 a c b 2 > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\,\sinh ^{-1}{\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}+K\qquad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}}
d x R = 1 a ln | 2 a x + b | + K a > 0 4 a c b 2 = 0 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln |2ax+b|+K\quad {\mbox{( }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}}
d x R = 1 a arcsin 2 a x + b b 2 4 a c + K a < 0 4 a c b 2 < 0 | 2 a x + b | < b 2 4 a c ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}}}\arcsin {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}+K\qquad {\mbox{( }}a<0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{, }}\left|2ax+b\right|<{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}{\mbox{)}}}
d x R 3 = 4 a x + 2 b ( 4 a c b 2 ) R + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R^{3}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}+K}
d x R 5 = 4 a x + 2 b 3 ( 4 a c b 2 ) R ( 1 R 2 + 8 a 4 a c b 2 ) + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R^{5}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{3(4ac-b^{2})R}}\left({\frac {1}{R^{2}}}+{\frac {8a}{4ac-b^{2}}}\right)+K}
d x R 2 n + 1 = 2 ( 2 n 1 ) ( 4 a c b 2 ) ( 2 a x + b R 2 n 1 + 4 a ( n 1 ) d x R 2 n 1 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}={\frac {2}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\left({\frac {2ax+b}{R^{2n-1}}}+4a(n-1)\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n-1}}}\right)}
x R d x = R a b 2 a d x R {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x}{R}}\;dx={\frac {R}{a}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}}
x R 3 d x = 2 b x + 4 c ( 4 a c b 2 ) R + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x}{R^{3}}}\;dx=-{\frac {2bx+4c}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}+K}
x R 2 n + 1 d x = 1 ( 2 n 1 ) a R 2 n 1 b 2 a d x R 2 n + 1 {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x}{R^{2n+1}}}\;dx=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)aR^{2n-1}}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}}
d x x R = 1 c ln ( 2 c R + b x + 2 c x ) + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\ln \left({\frac {2{\sqrt {c}}R+bx+2c}{x}}\right)+K}
d x x R = 1 c sinh 1 ( b x + 2 c | x | 4 a c b 2 ) + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\sinh ^{-1}\left({\frac {bx+2c}{|x|{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}}\right)+K}

Bere barnean (ax+b)-ren erroa daukaten funtzioen integralak S = a x + b {\displaystyle S={\sqrt {ax+b}}}

d x a x + b = 2 a x + b a + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{\sqrt {ax+b}}}\,=\,{\frac {2{\sqrt {ax+b}}}{a}}+K}
d x x a x + b = 2 b tanh 1 a x + b b + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{x{\sqrt {ax+b}}}}\,=\,{\frac {-2}{\sqrt {b}}}\tanh ^{-1}{\sqrt {\frac {ax+b}{b}}}+K}
a x + b x d x = 2 ( a x + b b tanh 1 a x + b b ) + K {\displaystyle \int {\frac {\sqrt {ax+b}}{x}}\,dx\;=\;2\left({\sqrt {ax+b}}-{\sqrt {b}}\tanh ^{-1}{\sqrt {\frac {ax+b}{b}}}\right)+K}
x n a x + b d x = 2 a ( 2 n + 1 ) ( x n a x + b b n x n 1 a x + b d x ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{n}}{\sqrt {ax+b}}}\,dx\;=\;{\frac {2}{a(2n+1)}}\left(x^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}-bn\int {\frac {x^{n-1}}{\sqrt {ax+b}}}\,dx\right)}
x n a x + b d x = 2 2 n + 1 ( x n + 1 a x + b + b x n a x + b n b x n 1 a x + b d x ) {\displaystyle \int x^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}\,dx\;=\;{\frac {2}{2n+1}}\left(x^{n+1}{\sqrt {ax+b}}+bx^{n}{\sqrt {ax+b}}-nb\int x^{n-1}{\sqrt {ax+b}}\,dx\right)}

Bibliografia

  • Peirce, Benjamin Osgood. (1929). «3. atalaburua» A Short Table of Integrals. (3. argitaraldia) Boston: Ginn and Co, 16.–30 or..
  • Milton Abramowitz & Irene A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables 1972, Dover: New York. (Ikusi: capítol 3.)