Manfred Eigen
Manfred Eigen | |
---|---|
![]() Manfred Eigen (1996) | |
Lahir | (1927-05-09)9 Mei 1927[1][2] Bochum, Jerman |
Meninggal | 6 Februari 2019(2019-02-06) (umur 91)[3] |
Kebangsaan | Jerman |
Dikenal atas | reaksi kimia |
Penghargaan | ![]() |
Karier ilmiah | |
Bidang | Biofisika |
Institusi | Institut Max Planck untuk Kimia Biofisika |
Manfred Eigen (9 Mei 1927 – 6 Februari 2019) ialah seorang biofisikawan Jerman dan bekas direktur Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie di Göttingen, kini doktor kehormatan di Universitas Teknik Muenchen. Dari tahun 1982-1993, Manfred Eigen ialah presiden Studienstiftung.
Pada tahun 1967, bersama dengan Ronald George Wreyford Norrish dan George Porter, ia dianugerahi Nobel Kimia. Mereka dianugerahi untuk studinya dalam reaksi kimia cepat yang disebabkan akibat respon denyutan energi.
Di samping itu, namanya dihubungkan dengan teori hipersiklus kimia, hubungan siklus pada siklus reaksi sebagai penjelasan organisasi diri sistem prabiota, yang dijelaskannya dengan Peter Schuster pada tahun 1979. Prof. Eigen adalah anggota Dewan Sponsor Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Lihat juga: Model kuasispesies
Bibliografi
- Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster The Hypercycle: A principle of natural self-organization, 1979, Springer ISBN 0-387-09293-5
- Manfred Eigen, Ruthild Winkler: The Laws of the Game: How The Principles of Nature Govern Chance, 1993, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02566-5
- Manfred Eigen, "Molekulare Selbstorganisation und Evolution." (Self organization of matter and the evolution of biological macro molecules.) Naturwissenschaften 58 (10). 1971 pp. 465–523. In English. Influential theoretical paper on origin-of-life biochemistry.
Rujukan
- ^ "Manfred Eigen Festschrift: special issue dedicated to Professor Manfred Eigen on the occasion of his 60th birthday", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal May 9, 1987), 26 (2–3), hlm. 101–390, 1987, PMID 3300802
- ^ Schlögl, R W (1997), "To Manfred Eigen on his 70th birthday", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal Jun 30, 1997), 66 (2–3), hlm. 71–3, doi:10.1016/S0301-4622(97)00075-6, PMID 17029872
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-12-12. Diakses tanggal 2019-02-07.
- Winkler-Oswatitsch, R (1987), "Manfred Eigen. Scientist and musician.", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal 1987 May 9), 26 (2-3), hlm. 109–15, PMID:3300805 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan) - "List of publications by Manfred Eigen.", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal 1987 May 9), 26 (2-3), hlm. 103–8, 1987, PMID:3300804 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan) - "Curriculum vitae of Manfred Eigen.", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal 1987 May 9), 26 (2-3), hlm. 102, 1987, PMID:3300803 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan) - "Manfred Eigen Festschrift: special issue dedicated to Professor Manfred Eigen on the occasion of his 60th birthday.", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal 1987 May 9), 26 (2-3), hlm. 101–390, 1987, PMID:3300802 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan) - Weisskopf, V F; Eyring, H; Eyring, E M (1967), "Nobel Prizes: 4 named for international award (Hans Bethe, Manfred Eigen, R.G. Norrish, George Porter).", Science (dipublikasikan tanggal 1967 Nov 10), 158 (802), hlm. 745–8, PMID:4860395 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan) - Schlögl, R W (1997), "To Manfred Eigen on his 70th birthday.", Biophys. Chem. (dipublikasikan tanggal 1997 Jun 30), 66 (2-3), hlm. 71–3, PMID:17029872 Periksa nilai tanggal di:
|year=, |publication-date=
(bantuan)
Pranala luar
- Biography of Manfred Eigen
- Situs Manfred Eigen di Lembaga Max Planck untuk Kimia Biofisika Diarsipkan 2006-07-15 di Wayback Machine.
- Interview with Manfred Eigen by Harry Kroto, NL Video bebas yang disediakan oleh Vega Science Trust.
- (Jerman) "Falls ein Gott die Naturgesetze erschuf, so erschuf er auch das Leben durch Evolution" Wawancara dengan Manfred Eigen dari tahun 2004
- debate on theory and proof Diarsipkan 2011-05-19 di Wayback Machine.
- l
- b
- s
- 1901: Jacobus van 't Hoff
- 1902: Emil Fischer
- 1903: Svante Arrhenius
- 1904: William Ramsay
- 1905: Adolf von Baeyer
- 1906: Henri Moissan
- 1907: Eduard Buchner
- 1908: Ernest Rutherford
- 1909: Wilhelm Ostwald
- 1910: Otto Wallach
- 1911: Marie Curie
- 1912: Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier
- 1913: Alfred Werner
- 1914: Theodore Richards
- 1915: Richard Willstätter
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918: Fritz Haber
- 1919
- 1920: Walther Nernst
- 1921: Frederick Soddy
- 1922: Francis Aston
- 1923: Fritz Pregl
- 1924
- 1925: Richard Zsigmondy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png)
- 1926: Theodor Svedberg
- 1927: Heinrich Wieland
- 1928: Adolf Windaus
- 1929: Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin
- 1930: Hans Fischer
- 1931: Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius
- 1932: Irving Langmuir
- 1933
- 1934: Harold Urey
- 1935: Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie
- 1936: Peter Debye
- 1937: Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer
- 1938: Richard Kuhn
- 1939: Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943: George de Hevesy
- 1944: Otto Hahn
- 1945: Artturi Virtanen
- 1946: James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley
- 1947: Robert Robinson
- 1948: Arne Tiselius
- 1949: William Giauque
- 1950: Otto Diels / Kurt Alder
- 1951: Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg
- 1952: Archer Martin / Richard Synge
- 1953: Hermann Staudinger
- 1954: Linus Pauling
- 1955: Vincent du Vigneaud
- 1956: Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov
- 1957: Alexander Todd
- 1958: Frederick Sanger
- 1959: Jaroslav Heyrovský
- 1960: Willard Libby
- 1961: Melvin Calvin
- 1962: Max Perutz / John Kendrew
- 1963: Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta
- 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin
- 1965: Robert Woodward
- 1966: Robert S. Mulliken
- 1967: Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter
- 1968: Lars Onsager
- 1969: Derek Barton / Odd Hassel
- 1970: Luis Federico Leloir
- 1971: Gerhard Herzberg
- 1972: Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein
- 1973: Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson
- 1974: Paul Flory
- 1975: John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog
- 1976: William Lipscomb
- 1977: Ilya Prigogine
- 1978: Peter D. Mitchell
- 1979: Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig
- 1980: Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger
- 1981: Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann
- 1982: Aaron Klug
- 1983: Henry Taube
- 1984: Robert Merrifield
- 1985: Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle
- 1986: Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi
- 1987: Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen
- 1988: Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel
- 1989: Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech
- 1990: Elias Corey
- 1991: Richard R. Ernst
- 1992: Rudolph A. Marcus
- 1993: Kary Mullis / Michael Smith
- 1994: George Olah
- 1995: Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland
- 1996: Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley
- 1997: Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou
- 1998: Walter Kohn / John Pople
- 1999: Ahmed Zewail
- 2000: Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa
- 2001: William Knowles / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless
- 2002: John B. Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich
- 2003: Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon
- 2004: Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose
- 2005: Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin
- 2006: Roger D. Kornberg
- 2007: Gerhard Ertl
- 2008: Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien
- 2009: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath
- 2010: Richard F. Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi
- 2011: Dan Shechtman
- 2012: Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka
- 2013: Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel
- 2014: Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner
- 2015: Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar
- 2016: Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa
- 2017: Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson
- 2018: Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith
- 2019: John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino
- 2020: Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna
- 2021: Benjamin List / David MacMillan
- 2022: Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / K. Barry Sharpless
- 2023: Moungi Bawendi / Louis E. Brus / Alexey Ekimov
![]() ![]() | Artikel bertopik biografi Jerman ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. |
- l
- b
- s