Pengendalian perbatasan

Gerbang perbatasan antara Phuentsholing, Bhutan dan Jaigaon, India yang dilihat dari Bhutan.

Perbatasan dilihat dari sisi India.

Pengendalian perbatasan adalah alat yang dipakai oleh sebuah negara atau sebuah blok negara untuk memantau perbatasan-perbatasan mereka ^[1] dalam rangka mengatur pergerakan amnsuai, hewan dan barang.

Sejarah

Negara-negara dan para penguasa selalu mendorong kemampuan untuk menentukan siapa orang yang masih atau bertahap di wilayah mereka sebagai uji coba penting dari kedaulatan mereka. Namun sebelum Perang Dunia I, kontrol perbatasan hanya diimplementasikan secara sporadis.^[2]

Catatan

Referensi

^ [1]
^ Keynes, John Maynard (1920). "II Europe Before the War". The Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Harcourt Brace.

Bacaan tambahan

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Border control.

Susan Harbage Page & Inéz Valdez (17 April 2011). "Residues of Border Control", Southern Spaces
James, Paul (2014). "Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens". Citizenship Studies. 18 (2): 208–23.
Desmond King, Patrick Le Galès & Tommaso Vitale (2017). "Assimilation, Security, and Borders in the Member States", in Desmond King & Patrick Le Galès (eds), Reconfiguring European States in Crisis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 428–450. ISBN 9-780-19879337-3.
Philippe Legrain (2007). Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them, Little Brown, ISBN 0-316-73248-6
Aristide Zolberg (2006). A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-02218-1
Philippe Legrain (2007). Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them, Little Brown, ISBN 0-316-73248-6
Ruben Rumbaut & Walter Ewing (Spring 2007). "The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation: Incarceration Rates among Native and Foreign-Born Men", The Immigration Policy Center.
Bryan Balin (2008). State Immigration Legislation and Immigrant Flows: An Analysis The Johns Hopkins University
Douglas S. Massey (September 2005). "Beyond the Border Buildup: Towards a New Approach to Mexico-U.S. Migration", Immigration Policy Center, the American Immigration Law Foundation
IPC Special Report (November 2005). "Economic Growth & Immigration: Bridging the Demographic Divide", Immigration Policy Center, the American Immigration Law Foundation
American Immigration Council (April 2014). "Immigrant Women in the United States: A Demographic Portrait"
Jill Esbenshade (Summer 2007). "Division and Dislocation: Regulating Immigration through Local Housing Ordinances". American Immigration Council
Jeffrey S. Passel & Roberto Suro (September 2005). "Rise, Peak and Decline: Trends in U.S. Immigration". Pew Hispanic Center
Jeffrey S. Passel (March 2005). "Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population". Pew Hispanic Center
Jeffrey S. Passel (March 2007). "Growing Share of Immigrants Choosing Naturalization". Pew Hispanic Center