Insulin

INS
Struktur sedia ada
PDBPencarian ortolog: PDBe RCSB
Senarai kod PDB

1A7F, 1AI0, 1AIY, 1B9E, 1BEN, 1EV3, 1EV6, 1EVR, 1FU2, 1FUB, 1G7A, 1G7B, 1GUJ, 1HIQ, 1HIS, 1HIT, 1HLS, 1HTV, 1HUI, 1IOG, 1IOH, 1J73, 1JCA, 1JCO, 1K3M, 1KMF, 1LKQ, 1LPH, 1MHI, 1MHJ, 1MSO, 1OS3, 1OS4, 1Q4V, 1QIY, 1QIZ, 1QJ0, 1RWE, 1SF1, 1T1K, 1T1P, 1T1Q, 1TRZ, 1TYL, 1TYM, 1UZ9, 1VKT, 1W8P, 1XDA, 1XGL, 1XW7, 1ZEG, 1ZEH, 1ZNJ, 2AIY, 2C8Q, 2C8R, 2CEU, 2H67, 2HH4, 2HHO, 2HIU, 2JMN, 2JUM, 2JUU, 2JUV, 2JV1, 2JZQ, 2K91, 2K9R, 2KJJ, 2KJU, 2KQQ, 2KXK, 2L1Y, 2L1Z, 2LGB, 2M1D, 2M1E, 2M2M, 2M2N, 2M2O, 2M2P, 2OLY, 2OLZ, 2OM0, 2OM1, 2OMG, 2OMH, 2OMI, 2QIU, 2R34, 2R35, 2R36, 2RN5, 2VJZ, 2VK0, 2W44, 2WBY, 2WC0, 2WRU, 2WRV, 2WRW, 2WRX, 2WS0, 2WS1, 2WS4, 2WS6, 2WS7, 3AIY, 3BXQ, 3E7Y, 3E7Z, 3EXX, 3FQ9, 3I3Z, 3I40, 3ILG, 3INC, 3IR0, 3Q6E, 3ROV, 3TT8, 3U4N, 3UTQ, 3UTS, 3UTT, 3V19, 3V1G, 3W11, 3W12, 3W13, 3W7Y, 3W7Z, 3W80, 3ZI3, 3ZQR, 3ZS2, 3ZU1, 4AIY, 4AJX, 4AJZ, 4AK0, 4AKJ, 4EFX, 4EWW, 4EWX, 4EWZ, 4EX0, 4EX1, 4EXX, 4EY1, 4EY9, 4EYD, 4EYN, 4EYP, 4F0N, 4F0O, 4F1A, 4F1B, 4F1C, 4F1D, 4F1F, 4F1G, 4F4T, 4F4V, 4F51, 4F8F, 4FG3, 4FKA, 4GBC, 4GBI, 4GBK, 4GBL, 4GBN, 4IUZ, 5AIY, 2LWZ, 3JSD, 3KQ6, 3P2X, 3P33, 1JK8, 2MLI, 2MPG, 2MPI, 2MVC, 2MVD, 4CXL, 4CXN, 4CY7, 4NIB, 4OGA, 4P65, 4Q5Z, 4RXW, 4UNE, 4UNG, 4UNH, 4XC4, 4WDI, 4Z76, 4Z77, 4Z78, 2N2W, 5CO6, 5ENA, 4Y19, 5BQQ, 5BOQ, 2N2V, 5CNY, 5CO9, 5EN9, 4Y1A, 2N2X, 5BPO, 5CO2, 5BTS, 5HYJ, 5C0D,%%s1EFE, 1SJT, 1SJU, 2KQP,%%s1T0C,%%s2G54, 2G56, 3HYD, 2OMQ

Pengecam
AliasINS, IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10, insulin, PNDM4
Pengecam-pengecam luaranOMIM: 176730 MGI: 96573 HomoloGene: 173 GeneCards: INS
Kedudukan gen (Manusia)
Kromosom 11
Kr.Kromosom 11[1]
Kromosom 11
Kedudukan gen INS
Kedudukan gen INS
Jalur11p15.5Mula2,159,779 bp[1]
Tamat2,161,221 bp[1]
Corak ekspresi RNA
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • Sel beta

  • badan pankreas

  • right lobe of liver

  • right adrenal gland

  • left adrenal gland

  • left uterine tube

  • right coronary artery

  • canal of the cervix

  • fundus

  • substantia nigra
Top expressed in
  • Kelenjar pankreas

  • pyloric antrum

  • Kantung yolka

  • retinal pigment epithelium

  • secondary oocyte

  • quadriceps femoris muscle

  • buku lali

  • sexually immature organism

  • Neuron

  • spermatid
More reference expression data
BioGPS
Rujukan lanjutan untuk data ekspresi
Ontologi gen
Fungsi molekul
  • insulin receptor binding
  • identical protein binding
  • protease binding
  • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding
  • Pengikatan protein plasma
  • hormone activity
Komponen sel
  • endoplasmic reticulum lumen
  • transport vesicle
  • Golgi membrane
  • secretory granule lumen
  • Golgi lumen
  • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
  • endosome lumen
  • extracellular region
  • Ekstrasel
Proses biologi
  • negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
  • positive regulation of DNA replication
  • positive regulation of MAPK cascade
  • positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of cell differentiation
  • MAPK cascade
  • positive regulation of respiratory burst
  • positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
  • negative regulation of protein oligomerization
  • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
  • negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response
  • cell-cell signaling
  • positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of glycolytic process
  • positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
  • positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation
  • activation of protein kinase B activity
  • wound healing
  • positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
  • negative regulation of feeding behavior
  • positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion
  • negative regulation of protein catabolic process
  • positive regulation of cell migration
  • acute-phase response
  • regulation of protein secretion
  • positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
  • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process
  • negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
  • negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
  • positive regulation of cell growth
  • negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process
  • positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
  • glucose metabolic process
  • negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
  • negative regulation of protein secretion
  • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
  • glucose homeostasis
  • positive regulation of cell population proliferation
  • fatty acid homeostasis
  • positive regulation of protein metabolic process
  • regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
  • negative regulation of gluconeogenesis
  • negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
  • regulation of protein localization
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
  • proses metabolisme karbohidrat
  • negative regulation of proteolysis
  • alpha-beta T cell activation
  • positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
  • positive regulation of glucose import
  • insulin receptor signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • regulation of signaling receptor activity
  • positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
  • regulation of synaptic plasticity
  • kognisi
  • positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
  • positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance
  • regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
  • negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process
  • neuron projection maintenance
  • response to L-arginine
  • Transduksi isyarat
Sumber:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolog
SpesiesManusiaMencit
Entrez

3630

16334

Ensembl

ENSG00000254647

ENSMUSG00000000215

UniProt

P01308

P01326

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000207
NM_001185097
NM_001185098
NM_001291897

NM_001185083
NM_001185084
NM_008387

RefSeq (protein)
NP_000198
NP_001172026
NP_001172027
NP_001278826
NP_000198.1

NP_001172026.1
NP_001172027.1
NP_001278826.1
NP_000198
NP_000198
NP_000198
NP_000198

NP_001172012
NP_001172013
NP_032413

Kedudukan (UCSC)Chr 11: 2.16 – 2.16 Mbtiada data
Carian PubMed[2][3]
Wikidata
Papar/Sunting data manusiaPapar/Sunting data mencit

Insulin merupakan sejenis hormon jenis polipeptida yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar pankreas. Sel yang menghasilkan hormon insulin dalam kelenjar pankreas dikenali sebagai sel beta, iaitu sejenis sel yang terdapat dalam kelompokan sel yang digelar pepulau Langerhans dalam pankreas.

Fungsi utama insulin ialah pengawalan keseimbangan tahap glukosa dalam darah dan bertindak meningkatkan pengambilan glukosa oleh sel badan. Kegagalan badan untuk menghasilkan insulin, atau jumlah insulin yang tidak mencukupi akan menyebabkan glukos tidak dapat masuk ke dalam dan digunakan oleh sel-sel badan. Oleh sebab itu, glukosa meningkat di dalam darah menyebabkan berlakunya penyakit kencing manis juga dikenal sebagai diabetes melitus.

Perubatan

Dalam perubatan, insulin digunakan untuk merawat hiperglisemia, yakni masalah glukosa yang berlebihan dalam darah, dan diberi secara suntikan.[4] Insulin dalam perubatan boleh dihasilkan secara biosintetik atau diperoleh daripada sumber haiwan.

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000254647 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. "Insulin Human". www.drugs.com (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 22 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 1 Januari 2017.

Pautan luar

  • Media berkenaan Insulin di Wikimedia Commons
  • l
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  • s
Hormon
Kelenjar
endokrin
Hipotalamus-
pituitari
Hipotalamus
  • GnRH
  • TRH
  • Dopamina
  • CRH
  • GHRH
  • Somatostatin (GHIH)
  • MCH
Pituitari posterior
Pituitari anterior
Paksi adrenal
Tiroid
Paratiroid
Paksi gonad
Testis
Ovari
Plasenta
Pankreas
Kelenjar pineal
  • Melatonin
  • N,N-Dimetiltriptamina
  • 5-Metoksi-N,N-dimetiltriptamina
Lain-lain
Timus
  • Timosin
    • Timosin α1
    • Timosin beta
  • Timopoietin
  • Timulin
Pencernaan
Perut
Duodenum
Ileum
  • Enteroglukagon
  • Peptida YY
  • GLP-1
Hati/lain-lain
Tisu adipos
Rangka
  • Osteokalsin
Buah pinggang
Jantung
  • Peptida natriuretik
    • ANP
    • BNP
Kawalan kewibawaan: Perpustakaan negara Sunting ini di Wikidata
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