Louis Mountbatten
Yang Amat Berhormat Laksamana Armada Earl Mountbatten Burma | |
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Earl Mountbatten dari Burma, 1976 Fotograf oleh Allan Warren | |
First Sea Lord | |
Dalam jawatan 18 April 1955 – 19 Oktober 1959 | |
Perdana Menteri | Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan |
Didahului oleh | Rhoderick McGrigor |
Digantikan oleh | Charles Lambe |
Gabenor Jeneral India | |
Dalam jawatan 15 Ogos 1947 – 21 Jun 1948 | |
Raja | George VI |
Perdana Menteri | Jawaharlal Nehru |
Didahului oleh | Diri sendiri (Wizurai India) |
Digantikan oleh | Chakravarti Rajagopalachari |
Wizurai India | |
Dalam jawatan 12 Februari 1947 – 15 Ogos 1947 | |
Raja | George VI |
Didahului oleh | The Viscount Wavell |
Digantikan oleh | Diri sendiri (Gabenor Jeneral India) |
Butiran peribadi | |
Lahir | Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas (1900-06-25)25 Jun 1900 Frogmore House, Windsor, Berkshire, England |
Meninggal dunia | 27 Ogos 1979(1979-08-27) (umur 79) Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Ireland |
Sebab kematian | Pembunuhan |
Pasangan | Edwina Ashley (k. 1922; m. 1960) |
Anak-anak |
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Ibu bapa |
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Alma mater | Christ's College, Cambridge |
Profesion | Pegawai tentera laut |
Perkhidmatan ketenteraan | |
Perkhidmatan/cawangan | Royal Navy |
Tahun perkhidmatan | 1913–65 |
Pangkat | Laksamana Armada |
Perkhidmatan | Ketua Turus Pertahanan (1959–65) First Sea Lord (1955–59) Armada Mediterranean (1952–54) Fourth Sea Lord (1950–52) Pemerintah Bersekutu Tertinggi, Markas Asia Tenggara (1943–46) Ketua Operasi Gabungan (1941–43) HMS Illustrious (1941) HMS Kelly (1939–41) HMS Wishart (1934–36) HMS Daring (1934) |
Pertempuran | Perang Dunia I Perang Dunia II |
Anugerah | Knight of the Garter Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Member of the Order of Merit Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Distinguished Service Order Dipuji Dalam Perutusan |
Laksamana Armada Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, Earl Pertama Mountbatten dari Burma (lahir Putera Louis dari Battenberg; 25 Jun 1900 – 27 Ogos 1979), KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC, FRS[1], adalah seorang pegawai tentera laut British dan negarawan, pak cik kepada Putera Philip, Duke Edinburgh, dan sepupu kedua Elizabeth II. Semasa Perang Dunia II, beliau adalah Pemerintah Bersekutu Tertinggi, Markas Asia Tenggara (1943–46). Beliau merupakan Wizurai India (1947) yang terakhir dan Gabenor Jeneral pertama India merdeka (1947–48).
Dari tahun 1954 hingga 1959 beliau menjadi First Sea Lord, iaitu jawatan yang telah disandang oleh bapanya, Putera Louis Battenberg, empat puluh tahun yang lalu. Selepas itu beliau berkhidmat sebagai Ketua Turus Pertahanan sehingga tahun 1965, menjadikannya ketua profesional paling lama berkhidmat dalam Angkatan Tentera British setakat ini. Semasa tempoh itu Mountbatten juga berkhidmat sebagai Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Ketenteraan NATO selama setahun.
Pada tahun 1979, Mountbatten dan cucunya Nicholas, serta dua yang lain telah dibunuh oleh Tentera Republikan Sementara Ireland (IRA), yang telah meletakkan bom didalam bot memancingnya, Shadow V, di Mullaghmore, County Sligo, Ireland.
Anugerah kebesaran
Reben | Nama | Tarikh kurniaan |
---|---|---|
Knight of the Garter (KG) | 1946[2] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) | 1955 | |
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) | 1945[3] | |
Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) | 1943 | |
Member of the Order of Merit (Military Division) (OM) | 1965[4] | |
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (GCSI) | 1947 | |
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) | 1947 | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) | 1937[5] | |
Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) | 1922[6] | |
Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO) | 1920[7] | |
Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) | 1941[8] | |
Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ) | 1940[9] | |
Commander of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (CStJ) | 1929[10] | |
British War Medal | ||
Victory Medal | ||
1939–45 Star | ||
Atlantic Star | ||
Africa Star | ||
Burma Star | ||
Italy Star | ||
Defence Medal | ||
War Medal 1939–1945 | ||
Naval General Service Medal | ||
King George V Coronation Medal | 1911 | |
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal | 1935 | |
King George VI Coronation Medal | 1937 | |
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal | 1952 | |
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal | 1977 | |
Indian Independence Medal | 1949 | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic | (Kingdom of Spain) – 1922[11] | |
Order of the Nile, Fourth Class | Templat:Country data Kingdom of Egypt (Kingdom of Egypt) – 1922[11] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown | (Romania) – 1924[11] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania | (Romania) – 1937[11] | |
War Cross | (Kingdom of Greece) – 1941[12] | |
Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit | (United States) – 1943[13] | |
Special Grand Cordon of the Order of the Cloud and Banner | (Republic of China) – 1945[14] | |
Distinguished Service Medal | (United States) – 1945[15] | |
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal | (United States) – 1945 | |
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour | (France) – 1946[16] | |
1939–1945 War Cross | (France) – 1946 | |
Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of Nepal | (Kingdom of Nepal) – 1946[16] | |
King Birendra Coronation Medal | (Kingdom of Nepal) – 24 February 1975 | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the White Elephant | (Kingdom of Thailand) – 1946[16] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of George I | (Kingdom of Greece) – 1946[17] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion | (Kingdom of the Netherlands) – 1948[18] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Aviz | (Portuguese Republic) – 1951[11] | |
Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim | (Kingdom of Sweden) – 1952[19] | |
Grand Commander of the Order of Thiri Thudhamma | (Union of Burma) – 1956[13] | |
Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog | (Kingdom of Denmark) – 1962[11] | |
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Seal of Solomon | Templat:Country data Ethiopian Empire (Ethiopian Empire) – 1965[11] |
Rujukan
Nota kaki
- ^ Zuckerman (1981), m/s. 354–366.
- ^ "No. 37807". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 Disember 1946. m/s. 5945. KG
- ^ "No. 37023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 1945. m/s. 1893. KCB
- ^ "No. 43713". The London Gazette. 16 Julai 1965. m/s. 6729. OM
- ^ "No. 34365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 Januari 1937. m/s. 693. GCVO
- ^ "No. 32730". The London Gazette. 18 Julai 1922. m/s. 5353. KCVO
- ^ "No. 32086". The London Gazette. 15 Oktober 1920. m/s. 9987. MVO
- ^ "No. 35029". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 Disember 1940. m/s. 25. DSO
- ^ "No. 34878". The London Gazette. 21 Jun 1940. m/s. 3777. KJStJ
- ^ "No. 33453". The London Gazette. 1 Januari 1929. m/s. 49. CStJ
- ^ a b c d e f g Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey: Kelly's Directories. 1976. m/s. 882 – melalui Google Books.
- ^ "No. 35538". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 April 1942. m/s. 1850. Military Cross (Second Class) (Greece)
- ^ a b Ziegler (1989), m/s. 18, 254.
- ^ "No. 37023". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 1945. m/s. 1895. Order of the Cloud and Banner (China)
- ^ "No. 37299". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 Oktober 1945. m/s. 4954. DSM (US)
- ^ a b c "Draped with Honors Mountbatten Steps Down as Defense Chief". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 17 Julai 1965. Dicapai pada 13 September 2013 – melalui Google News.
- ^ "No. 37777". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 November 1946. m/s. 5418. Order of George I (Greece)
- ^ "No. 38176". The London Gazette. 13 Januari 1948. m/s. 274. Order of the Netherlands Lion
- ^ "Mountbatten's coat of arms as a Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim". Dicapai pada 20 September 2012.[sumber tak boleh dipercayai?]
Works cited
- Dimbleby, Jonathan (1994). The Prince of Wales: A Biography. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-12996-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gilbert, Martin (1988). Never Despair: Winston Churchill 1945–65. London: Minerva. ISBN 978-0749391041.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Guha, Ramachandra (2008). India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. London: Pan. ISBN 978-0330396110.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734–1995. Havertown: Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Hicks, Pamela (2012). Daughter of Empire: Life as a Mountbatten. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297864820.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Junor, Penny (2005). The Firm: The Troubled Life of the House of Windsor. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-0-312-35274-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Khan, Yasmin (2007). The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300120783.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- King, Greg; Wilson, Penny (2003). The Fate of the Romanovs. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-20768-3. Unknown parameter
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ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Lee, Brian (1999). British Royal Bookplates. Aldershot: Scolar Press. ISBN 978-0859678834.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Maloney, Ed (2002). A Secret History of the IRA. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-393-32502-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2004). Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-1400042302.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (1973). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family. London: Burke's Peerage. ISBN 978-0220662226.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Niemi, Robert (2006). History in the Media: Film and Television. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1576079522 – melalui Google Books.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Nordenvall, Per (1998). Kungl. Serafimerorden 1748–1998 (dalam bahasa Swedish). Stockholm: Kungl. Maj:ts orden. ISBN 91-630-6744-7. Unknown parameter
|trans_title=
ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - O'Brien, Brendan (1995). The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin. Dublin: The O'Brien Press. ISBN 978-0862786069.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H (1990). The Second World War 1939-1945 Army — Airborne Forces. Imperial War Museum. ISBN 0-901627-57-7.
- Park, Keith (Ogos 1946). Air Operations in South East Asia 3rd May 1945 to 12th September 1945 (PDF). London: War Office.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) published in "No. 39202". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 April 1951. m/s. 2127–2172.
- Pender, Paul (2012). The Butler Did It: My True and Terrifying Encounters with a Serial Killer. Edinburgh: Mainstream. ISBN 978-1780575612.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Powell, Charles (1996). Juan Carlos of Spain. Houndmills: MacMillan Press, St. Antony's Series. ISBN 0-333-54726-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Sardesai, Damodar (2007). India: The Definitive History. Boulder, CO: Westview. ISBN 978-0813343525.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schofield, Victoria (2010). Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War. New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1848851057.
- Smith, Adrian (2010). Mountbatten: Apprentice War Lord 1900–1943. London: I B Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-848-85374-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Stoessinger, John (2010). Why Nations Go to War?. Boston: Wadsworth–Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0495797180.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009). The Partition of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521672566. Unknown parameter
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ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Thompson, Julian (2001). The Royal Marines: From Sea Soldiers to a Special Force. London: Pan. ISBN 0-330-37702-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Vickers, Hugo (2000). Alice, Princess Andrew of Greece. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-13686-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Villa, Brian Loring (1989). Unauthorised Action: Mountbatten and the Dieppe Raid. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-540804-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- White, Matthew (2012). The Great Big Book of Horrible Things. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393081923.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Wolpert, Stanley A. (2006). Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195393941.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ziegler, Philip (1985). Mountbatten: The Official Biography. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0002165433.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ziegler, Philip (1989). From Shore to Shore: The Tour Diaries of Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1953–1979. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0002176064 – melalui Google Books. Unknown parameter
|authormask=
ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Ziegler, Philip (Januari 2011) [first published 2004]. "Mountbatten, Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, first Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979)". The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ed. Online). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31480. Unknown parameter
|authormask=
ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) - Zuckerman, Lord (November 1981). "Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, OM 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 27: 354–366. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1981.0014. JSTOR 769876.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bacaan lanjut
- Copland, Ian. "Lord Mountbatten and the integration of the Indian states: A reappraisal." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21#2 (1993): 385–408.
- Hough, Richard (1980). Mountbatten: Hero of Our Time. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297778059.
- Knatchbull, Timothy (2010). From a Clear Blue Sky. London: Arrow. ISBN 978-0099543589.
- Leigh, David (1988). The Wilson Plot: The Intelligence Services and the Discrediting of a Prime Minister 1945–1976. London: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0434413409.
- Moore, R. J. "Mountbatten, India, and the Commonwealth" Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 19.1 (1981): 5–43.
- Murfett, Malcolm (1995). The First Sea Lords from Fisher to Mountbatten. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-94231-7.
- Roberts, Andrew (2004). Eminent Churchillians. London: Phoenix. ISBN 978-1857992137., 55–136.
- Smith, Adrian (2010). Mountbatten: Apprentice War Lord 1900–1943. London: I B Tauris. ISBN 978-1848853744.
- Terraine, John (1968). The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 978-0090888108.
- Von Tunzelmann, Alex (2008). Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire. London: Pocket Books. ISBN 978-1416522256.
Pautan luar
- Templat:Hansard-contribs
- mountbattenofburma.com – Tribute & Memorial web-site to Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
- Papers of Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma. University of Southampton
Pejabat-pejabat kerajaan | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh Viscount Wavell | Wizurai India 1947 | Diikuti oleh: Sendiri |
Diikuti oleh: Muhammad Ali Jinnah | ||
Didahului oleh Sendiri sebagai Wizurai India | Gabenor Jeneral India 1947–1948 | Diikuti oleh: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari |
Gelaran Kehormat | ||
Didahului oleh Duke of Wellington | Gabenor Isle of Wight 1965–1974 | Diikuti oleh: Sendiri |
Didahului oleh Sendiri sebagai Gabenor Isle of Wight | Lord Lieutenant Isle of Wight 1974–1979 | Diikuti oleh: John Nicholson |
Pegawai tentera | ||
Didahului oleh Herbert Packer | Fourth Sea Lord 1950–1952 | Diikuti oleh: Sydney Raw |
Didahului oleh John Edelsten | Panglima Armada Mediterranean 1952–1954 | Diikuti oleh: Guy Grantham |
Didahului oleh Rhoderick McGrigor | First Sea Lord 1955–1959 | Diikuti oleh: Charles Lambe |
Didahului oleh William Dickson | Ketua Turus Pertahanan 1959–1965 | Diikuti oleh: Richard Hull |
Didahului oleh Rustu Erdelhun | Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Ketenteraan NATO 1960–1961 | Diikuti oleh: Lyman Lemnitzer |
Bangsawan United Kingdom | ||
Ciptaan baharu | Viscount Mountbatten of Burma 1946–1979 | Diikuti oleh: Patricia Knatchbull |
Earl Mountbatten of Burma Baron Romsey 1947–1979 |