Uporedna religija

Uporedna religija je grana proučavanja religija koja se bavi sistematskim poređenjem doktrina i praksi svetskih religija. Generalno komparativna studija religije daje dublje razumevanje osnovnih filozofskih pitanja religije kao što su etika, metafizika, priroda i oblici spasenja. Proučavanje takvog materijala olakšava šire i sofisticiranije razumevanje ljudskih verovanja i praksi u pogledu svetog, nadahnujućeg, duhovnog i božanskog.[1]

U oblasti komparativne religije, ustaljena geografska klasifikacija[2] glavnih svetskih religija razlikuje grupe kao što su religije Bliskog Istoka (uključujući iranske religije), indijske religije, istočnoazijske religije, afričke religije, američke religije, okeanske religije i klasične Helenističke religije.[2]

Istorija

Statua Ibn Hazma, oca modernih uporednih religioznih studija, in Kordobi Španija.

Al-Biruni i Ibn Hazm iz islamskog zlatnog doba upoređivali su studije religioznog pluralizma, i njihova dela su značajna u poljima teologije i filozofije.[3][4][5][6] Društveni naučnici u 19. veku su bili veoma zainteresovani za uporednu i „primitivnu” religiju kao što se to vidi u delima Maksa Milera, Edvarda Berneta Tajlora, Vilijama Robertsona Smita, Džejmsa Džordža Frejzera, Emila Durkeima, Maksa Vebera i Rudolfa Ota.[7][8] Nikolas de Lanž, profesor hebrejskih i jevrejskih studija na Univerzitetu Kembridž, kaže da

Uporedna studija religija je akademska disciplina koja je razvijena na hrišćanskim teološkim fakultetima i ima tendenciju da forsira veoma različite pojave u svojevrsni šablon urađen po hrišćanskom obrascu. Problem nije samo u tome što druge „religije” mogu imati malo ili ništa za kažu o pitanjima koja su od gorućeg značaja za hrišćanstvo, već i što one uvek ne smatraju sebe kao religije na potpuno isti način na koji hrišćanstvo sebe vidi kao religiju.[9]

Primeri koji pokazuju ovu tačku su budizam i kineske narodne religije. Ovi sistemi verovanja se istorijski nisu smatrali međusobno isključivim i tokom vremena su se mešali u različita verovanja kao što je budizam čiste zemlje. Ovo pokazuje značajnu razliku u odnosu na zapadnjačka shvatanja religija koje smatraju da privrženost jednoj religiji isključuje članstvo u drugoj veri.[10]

Hinduizam i budizam pružaju još jedan uvid u obliku soteriologije. Uporedno proučavanje religija može pristupiti religijama sa osnovnom idejom o spasenju sa večnim životom posle smrti, ali religije poput hinduizma ili budizma nužno ne dele ovo gledište. Umesto toga, hinduizam i teravadski budizam govore o povratku u nepostojanje i bekstvu iz ciklusa reinkarnacije, a ne o večnom životu posle smrti.[11][12]

Reference

  1. ^ "Human beings' relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, and divine" Encyclopædia Britannica (online, 2006), cited in „Definitions of Religion”. Religion facts. 
  2. ^ а б Charles Joseph Adams, Classification of religions: geographical, Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^ Ibn Hazm. The Ring of the Dove: A Treatise on the Art and Practice of Arab Love (Preface). Trans. A. J. Arberry. Luzac Oriental. 1997. ISBN 1-898942-02-1.
  4. ^ R. Arnaldez, Ibn Ḥazm Архивирано 2 август 2018 на сајту Wayback Machine. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. 9 January 2013
  5. ^ Joseph A. Kechichian, A mind of his own. Gulf News: 21:30 December 20, 2012.
  6. ^ „USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts”. Usc.edu. Архивирано из оригинала 2008-11-28. г. Приступљено 2010-09-12. 
  7. ^ Hans Kippenberg, Discovering Religious History in the Modern Age (2001).
  8. ^ Berner, Ulrich (2021-08-05). „Max Müller, Charles Darwin and the science of religion”. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies (на језику: енглески). 77 (2): 8. ISSN 2072-8050. doi:10.4102/hts.v77i2.6730 Слободан приступ. 
  9. ^ Nicholas de Lange, Judaism, Oxford University Press, 1986
  10. ^ Yong, A. (2016). Many tongues, many buddhisms in a pluralistic world: A christian interpretation at the interreligious crossroads. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 43(2), 357-IV.
  11. ^ Batchelor, S. (2012). A secular buddhism. Journal of Global Buddhism, 13, 87-107. ProQuest 2380027512
  12. ^ Osto, D. (2018). NO-SELF IN SĀṂKHYA: A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT CLASSICAL SĀṂKHYA AND THERAVĀDA BUDDHISM. Philosophy East and West, 68(1), 201-222,III. ProQuest 1980472798

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Spoljašnje veze

Uporedna religija na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
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  • ReligiousTolerance.org Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (6. децембар 2010)
  • ReligionFacts.com
  • Comparative-religion.com
  • Studies in Comparative Religion
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  • „The Faith versus Reason Debate”  – comparative religion studies inspired by Aldous Huxley's The Perennial Philosophy
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