Perang Soviet–Jepun
| Perang Soviet-Jepun | |||||||||
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| Sebahagian daripada Kancah Pasifik Perang Dunia II | |||||||||
 Kelasi AS dan laskar Soviet meraikan bersama pada Hari VJ | |||||||||
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 Kesatuan Soviet  Mongolia |
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 Tentera Darat Imperial ManchukuoTemplat:Country data Mengjiang Tentera Nasional Mengjiang | ||||||||
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Soviet Union:
| Jepun:[b] Manchukuo:
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| Kerugian dan korban | |||||||||
Perang Soviet–Jepun (Rusia: Советско-японская войнаcode: ru is deprecated ; Jepun: ソ連対日参戦, rumi: soren tai nichi sansen, lit. 'Kesatuan Soviet memasuki perang menentang Jepun'code: ja is deprecated ), dikenali di Mongolia sebagai Perang Pembebasan 1945 (Bahasa Mongolia: 1945 оны чөлөөлөх дайнcode: mn is deprecated ) adalah konflik ketenteraan dalam Perang Dunia II bermula sejurus tengah malam pada 9 Ogos 1945, dengan pencerobohan Soviet terhadap negara boneka Manchukuo Jepun. Pihak Soviet dan Mongolia mengakhiri penguasaan Jepun ke atas Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Mongolia Dalam), utara Korea, Karafuto, dan Kepulauan Chishima (Kepulauan Kuril). Kekalahan Tentera Kwantung Jepun membawa kepada penyerahan kalah Jepun dan penamatan Perang Dunia II.[12][13] Penyertaan Soviet ke dalam perang merupakan faktor penting dalam kerajaan Jepun membuat keputusan untuk menyerah kalah tanpa syarat, kerana jelas menunjukkan bahawa Soviet Union tidak bersedia untuk bertindak sebagai pihak ketiga dalam merundingkan penghentian peperangan pada terma bersyarat.[1][2][14][15][16][17][18][19]
Lihat juga
Portal China
- Pertempuran Khalkhin Gol
- Pertempuran Mutanchiang
- Pertempuran Shumshu
- Sejarah ketenteraan Jepun
- Sejarah ketenteraan Soviet Union
- Pertikaian Kepulauan Kuril
- Projek Hula
Nota
- ^ According to statistics compiled in 1964 by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare's Relief Bureau, by 22 August 1945 there were 665,500 military personnel remaining in Manchuria, 335,900 in Korea, and 91,000 in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and the Aleutian Islands. These numbers do not appear to factor in casualties incurred during the Soviet-Japanese War, because the total for Army personnel in Manchuria, 664,000, almost exactly corresponds to the total given in JM-155 for the Kwantung Army minus the 34th Army in Korea, 663,625.
- ^ There were an additional 8 Japanese aircraft involved in the Battle of Shumshu.
- ^ 41,199 is the listed total of Japanese soldiers in Soviet custody on 19 August, two days after the surrender of the Kwantung Army by order of Hirohito and four days after Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan. Post-war, 594,000 to 609,000 Japanese soldiers ended up in Soviet custody.
Rujukan
- ^ a b c LTC David M. Glantz, "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria". Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, Fort Leavenworth Kansas.
- ^ a b "Battlefield Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory", Battlefield (U.S. TV series), 2001, 98 minutes.
- ^ a b Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 378
- ^ Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and Deaths, Retrieved 4/23/2021
- ^ Final Report, Demobilization and Disarmament of the Japanese Armed Forces, 30 December 1946 Part IV, Inclosure no. 51. Retrieved 4/23/2021
- ^ Jowett, m/s. 53.
- ^ Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 300
- ^ G. F. Krivosheev, ed., "Russia and the USSR in twentieth century wars: A statistical survey". Moscow: Olma-press, 2001, page 309.
- ^ JM-154 p. 69, JM-155 pp.266-267. According to page 69 of JM-154, First Area Army suffered approximately 40,000 total battle casualties, of whom 14,508 were killed in action (JM-155 pp.266-67). Applying this proportion (~36.25%) to the total of 21,389 KIAs suffered by the Kwantung Army in Manchuria and 700 to 2,000 deaths on Sakhalin, plus 190 dead and 400 wounded on Shumshu Island gives an approximate total of 40,000 WIAs for the entire campaign.
- ^ Cherevko, Kirill Evgen'evich (2003). Serp i Molot protiv Samurayskogo Mecha. Moscow: Veche. ISBN 5-94538-328-7. Page 41.
- ^ Coox, Alvin D. (1990) [1985]. Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. m/s. 1176. ISBN 9780804718356. Dicapai pada 9 February 2017.
- ^ The Associated Press (8 August 2005). "A Soviet Push Helped Force Japan to Surrender". The Moscow Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 12 December 2013.
- ^ Lekic, Slobodan (22 August 2010). "How the Soviets helped Allies defeat Japan". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaHayashi - ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaDrea - ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaButow - ^ Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Penguin, 2001 ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3. (Extracts on-line)
- ^ Robert James Maddox, Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism, University of Missouri Press, 2007 ISBN 978-0-8262-1732-5.
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaHasegawa2006
Bacaan lanjut
- Despres, J, Dzirkals, L, et al. (1976). Timely Lessons of History : The Manchurian Model for Soviet Strategy. Santa Monica, RAND: 103. (available on-line)
- Duara, P. (2006). The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective. Japan Focus.
- Garthoff, R L. (1966). Soviet Military Policy : A Historical Analysis. London, Faber and Faber.
- Garthoff, R L. (1969). The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945. Military Affairs XXXIII(Oct 1969): 312–336.
- Glantz, David M. (1983a). August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, Leavenworth Paper No.7, Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, February 1983.
- Glantz, David M. (1983b). August Storm: Soviet Tactical and Operational Combat in Manchuria, 1945, Leavenworth Paper No.8, Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, June 1983.
- Glantz, David M. (1995) The Soviet Invasion of Japan. Quarterly Journal of Military History, vol. 7, no. 3, Spring 1995.
- Glantz, David M. (2003). The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945 (Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Experience, 7). Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-5279-2.
- Gordin, Michael D. (2005). Five Days in August: How World War II Became a Nuclear War. (Extracts on-line)
- Hallman, A L. (1995). Battlefield Operational Functions and the Soviet Campaign against Japan in 1945. Quantico, Virginia, United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College. (available on-line)
- Hasegawa, T. (Ed.) (2007). The End of the Pacific War. (Extracts on-line)
- Ishiwatari, H, Mizumachi, K, et al. (1946) No.77 – Japanese Preparations for Operations in Manchuria (prior to 1943). Tokyo, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.
- Jowett, Phillip (2005). Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. Helion and Company Ltd. ISBN 1-874622-21-3.
- Phillips, S. (2004). The Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 : The Military Struggle – Research Guide and Bibliography. Towson University. available on-line
- USMCU CSC (1986). The Soviet Army Offensive : Manchuria, 1945. (US Marine Corps University, Command and Staff College – available on-line)
- Walg, A. J. (March–April 1997). "Wings over the Steppe: Aerial Warfare in Mongolia 1930–1945, Part Three". Air Enthusiast. No. 68. m/s. 70–73. ISSN 0143-5450.
Monograf Jepun
The "Japanese Monographs" and the "Japanese Studies on Manchuria" – The 187 Japan Monographs are a series of operational histories written by former officers of the Japanese army and navy under the direction of General Headquarters of the U.S. Far East Command.
- Monographs of particular relevance to Manchuria are:
- No. 77 Japanese preparations for Operations in Manchuria (1931–1942)
- No. 78 The Kwangtung Army in the Manchurian Campaign (1941–1945) Plans and Preparations
- No. 119 Outline of Operations prior to the Termination of War and activities connected with the Cessation of Hostilities (July – August 1945)
- No. 138 Japanese preparations for Operations in Manchuria (January 1943 – August 1945)
- No. 154 Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front (August 1945)
- No. 155 Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Northern and Western Fronts (August – September 1945)
- List of the 13 Studies on Manchuria
- Vol. I Japanese Operational Planning against the USSR (1932–1945)
- Vol. II Imperial Japanese Army in Manchuria (1894–1945) Historical Summary
- Vol. III STRATEGIC STUDY ON MANCHURIA MILITARY TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY Terrain Study
- Vol. IV AIR OPERATIONS (1931–1945) Plans and Preparations
- Vol. V INFANTRY OPERATIONS
- Vol. VI ARMOR OPERATIONS
- Vol. VII SUPPORTING ARMS AND SERVICES
- Vol. VIII LOGISTICS IN MANCHURIA
- Vol. IX CLIMATIC FACTORS
- Vol. X Japanese Intelligence Planning against the USSR (1934–1941)
- Vol. XI Small Wars and Border Problems
- Vol. XII Anti-Bandit Operation (1931–1941)
- Vol. XIII Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Eastern Forces (1931–1945)
Pautan luar
- Japanese Air Order of Battle and Operations Against 'August Storm', August 1945.
- WW2DB: Operation August Storm
- Observations over Soviet Air Arm in Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation:
- Aerial actions over Kuriles
- Soviet Order of Battle
- Soviet naval aerial kills
- Soviet side information:
- Comment over Soviet Pacific Fleet during Russian-German Conflict and Japanese forces actions in this period
- Comment about Soviet Russian Pacific Fleet actions during Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation
- General information over Soviet Invasion to Japanese land in Karafuto and Kuriles from August 1945, with some photos, only in Russian language.
- Soviet battle maps:
- Soviet viewpoint map of the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation
- Soviet viewpoint map of Battle against Japanese fortifications in Shumushu and Paramushiro islands
- Soviet viewpoint map of Battle against Koton Japanese fortifications in way to Shikuka city, in north Karafuto area
- Japanese POWs:
- The Notes of Japanese soldier in USSR
- Operation August Storm photo gallery:
- http://ww2db.com/photo.php?source=all&color=all&list=search&foreigntype=B&foreigntype_id=167
- Japanese in Manchuria and Korea following the war
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